INTRODUCTIONWe assessed the effects of multivitamin‐mineral and cocoa extract supplementation on incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and all‐cause probable dementia.METHODSCOSMOS‐Mind (N = 2262), a 2 × 2 factorial, randomized‐controlled clinical trial administered a telephone‐based cognitive battery at baseline and annually for 3 years. Incidence rates of MCI, and separately dementia, were compared among treatment arms with proportional hazards regression.RESULTSOver 3 years, 110 incident MCI and 14 incident dementia cases were adjudicated. Incidence rates did not vary by assignment to multivitamin‐mineral or cocoa extract (all p’s ≥ 0.05); however, statistical power was low. When participants assigned to multivitamin‐mineral versus placebo converted to MCI, their scores for global cognition (p = 0.03) and executive function (p < 0.001) were higher and had declined less relative to the previous year (p = 0.03 for global cognition; p = 0.004 for executive function).DISCUSSIONMultivitamin‐mineral therapy may provide cognitive resilience, countering conversion to MCI, but not significantly reduce its incidence over 3 years.Highlights
Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment.
Cocoa extract supplementation did not reduce risks for cognitive impairment.
Multivitamin‐mineral supplementation slowed cognitive declines for incident mild cognitive impairment.