Abstract:Under intensive culture conditions, fish are subject to increased stress owing to environmental (water quality and hypoxia) and health conditions (parasites and infectious diseases). All these factors have negative impacts on fish well-being and overall performance, with consequent economic losses. Though good management practices contribute to reduce stressor effects, stress susceptibility is always high under crowded conditions. Adequate nutrition is essential to avoid deficiency signs, maintain adequate ani… Show more
“…However, sick fish generally do not feed vigorously and therefore may not consume enough medicated feed to ensure proper dosage. The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is also problematic because of the potential to develop antibiotic resistant bacteria, the presence of antibiotic residues in seafood, destruction of microbial populations in the environment and suppression of the fish immune system [51,52]. Therefore, research has focused on functional constituents in feeds to improve growth, feed efficiency, health status, stress tolerance and resistance to disease to reduce antibiotic utilization in farms.…”
Section: Fish Nutrition and Fish Healthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dietary supplementation of different non-digestible feed additives, such as immunostimulants, probiotics and prebiotics have been found to be beneficial for improving immune status, feed efficiency and growth performance in various different fish species. Feeding animals with immunostimulants prior to an infection or in situations known to result in stress will elevate defences and thus provide protection against otherwise potentially severe or lethal conditions [52]. Probiotics are live microbial organisms, non-pathogenic and non-toxic, which beneficially affect intestinal microbial products, reduce gut pH and release chemicals with bactericidal effects on other microbial populations, thus improving the immune response.…”
Global aquaculture production has increased in recent years and it is predicted that aquaculture will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the future. However, there are many controversial issues in aquaculture regarding food safety, nutrition, and sustainability; many of which are directly related to the nutrition and feeds for farmed fish. These nutrition-related issues must be considered in order to achieve balance in safe and nutritious food production and sustainability in aquaculture. This review highlights recent studies and discusses new and innovative aspects in fish nutrition. Some issues in the area of fish nutrition require consideration and improvement, such as: feed and nutrient efficiency, overfeeding and waste, fish meal and fish oil replacements, fish health, biotechnology, and human health concerns. The findings reviewed in this manuscript demonstrate promise toward improvement of the aquaculture industry through nutrition. This review is an update in fish nutrition research, and provides insight on the progression and evolution of this field in order to meet the needs of the industry with the purpose to achieve a balance in seafood production and environmental sustainability. The outcome of this review encourages the use of biotechnology as a tool to meet seafood production and environmental sustainability, in order to ensure global food security in the future and to improve our resource use.
“…However, sick fish generally do not feed vigorously and therefore may not consume enough medicated feed to ensure proper dosage. The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is also problematic because of the potential to develop antibiotic resistant bacteria, the presence of antibiotic residues in seafood, destruction of microbial populations in the environment and suppression of the fish immune system [51,52]. Therefore, research has focused on functional constituents in feeds to improve growth, feed efficiency, health status, stress tolerance and resistance to disease to reduce antibiotic utilization in farms.…”
Section: Fish Nutrition and Fish Healthmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dietary supplementation of different non-digestible feed additives, such as immunostimulants, probiotics and prebiotics have been found to be beneficial for improving immune status, feed efficiency and growth performance in various different fish species. Feeding animals with immunostimulants prior to an infection or in situations known to result in stress will elevate defences and thus provide protection against otherwise potentially severe or lethal conditions [52]. Probiotics are live microbial organisms, non-pathogenic and non-toxic, which beneficially affect intestinal microbial products, reduce gut pH and release chemicals with bactericidal effects on other microbial populations, thus improving the immune response.…”
Global aquaculture production has increased in recent years and it is predicted that aquaculture will provide the most reliable supply of seafood in the future. However, there are many controversial issues in aquaculture regarding food safety, nutrition, and sustainability; many of which are directly related to the nutrition and feeds for farmed fish. These nutrition-related issues must be considered in order to achieve balance in safe and nutritious food production and sustainability in aquaculture. This review highlights recent studies and discusses new and innovative aspects in fish nutrition. Some issues in the area of fish nutrition require consideration and improvement, such as: feed and nutrient efficiency, overfeeding and waste, fish meal and fish oil replacements, fish health, biotechnology, and human health concerns. The findings reviewed in this manuscript demonstrate promise toward improvement of the aquaculture industry through nutrition. This review is an update in fish nutrition research, and provides insight on the progression and evolution of this field in order to meet the needs of the industry with the purpose to achieve a balance in seafood production and environmental sustainability. The outcome of this review encourages the use of biotechnology as a tool to meet seafood production and environmental sustainability, in order to ensure global food security in the future and to improve our resource use.
“…Very high quantities of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6), which dominates in some VO, suppress lysozyme activity in grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) (Lin and Shiau 2007) and lower immunity functions in juvenile pikeperch . However, diets supplemented with synthetic or natural substances that activate cellular and humoral immunity can improve fish resistance and rearing parameters (Gopalakannan and Arul 2006;Li et al 2006a, b;Oliva-Teles 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Natural substances in yeast cells, such as oligosaccharides and glucans, are biologically active and stimulate fish immune systems (Oliva-Teles 2012). An extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that are rich in nucleotides is available as the commercial product NuPro ® (Alltech Inc., USA).…”
The impact of applying NuPro® (40 g/kg feed) and levamisole (300 mg/kg feed) in European pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) diets with vegetable oils on growth, immunological, hematological, and blood chemical parameters was assayed. The fish were fed the feed containing sunflower and linseed oils (48 and 21 g/kg feed) (group VO) or this feed with levamisole (group VOL) or NuPro ® (group VON). The fourth group was fed the feed with fish oil added in the amount of 69 g/kg feed (group FO). The pikeperch were reared for 56 days. Feeding the fish feed supplemented with levamisole or NuPro ® increased the immunological responses of the phagocytes and lymphocytes, lysozyme activity, and total gamma-globulin levels. The feed supplemented with NuPro ® resulted in decreased aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Vegetable oils in the feed were linked to increased contents of linoleic acid in fish bodies. The quantity of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids was significantly the highest in group FO. The immunological index obtained in group VON indicated that the diet supplemented with brewer's yeast extract (NuPro ® ) was the most advantageous when feeding juvenile pikeperch feeds with vegetable oils.
“…A farinha de peixe (FP) é ainda a principal fonte proteica utilizada na alimentação de peixes carnívoros em função do alto conteúdo em proteína (51 a 72 %), perfis adequados de aminoácidos (lisina, metionina, treonina e triptofano) e bom teor de fósforo (Oliva Teles, 2012). É um produto derivado do principalmente processamento de resíduos do pescado marinho, tais como cabeças, nadadeiras e vísceras.…”
Section: Fontes De Proteína Nas Dietas Dos Peixesunclassified
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