Nutrigenomic markers identified by de novo RNAseq during the early ontogeny of the three spot cichlid Amphilophus trimaculatus

Molecular expression of digestive enzymes during the ontogeny of the Mayan cichlid ( Cichlasoma urophthalmus )

“…In other studies with other species of native freshwater cichlids, digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen have been studied in Cichlasoma trimaculatum , where was detected before the hatching of the larva and the maximum expression was recorded on days 3 and 23 DAH (Hilerio‐Ruíz et al, 2021) where the behaviour of the expression of the same gene is compared in the initial ontogeny of the trypsin or trypsinogen gene, evaluating relative expression which presented an increase as the maturation of the tract occurs digestive system and during feeding changes. However, in biochemical aspects, we can also observe a similarity in the pattern of the genetic expression of these digestive enzymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin with the enzymatic activities in the same species (López‐Ramírez et al, 2011) and C. trimaculatum (Hilerio‐Ruíz et al, 2021), where a comparative increase in the gene expression and their enzymatic activity is observed. For his part (Karp, 2009), he mentions that there must first be an expression of the proenzyme (zymogen) so that there can be an enzymatic activity, therefore, the results obtained in this work show that the digestion process is carried out, in the first instance, by the enzymes of pancreatic origin as in other previously carried out studies (Toledo‐Solis et al, 2020).…”

“…Some enzymes such as Pepsin (PEP), pancreatic such as trypsin (TRY), Chymotrypsin [CHY] and intestinal enzyme such as Leucine aminopeptidase [ANPEP] function during larval ontogenesis and have been described in different species of marine fish observing a typical expression or the activity patterns of the key factors involved in the digestive system (Galaviz et al, 2012). Some studies carried out to evaluate the genetic expression of digestive enzymes during larval ontogeny are in marine species such as Lutjanus guttatus (Galaviz et al, 2012), Centropomus undecimalis (Martínez‐Burguete, 2013), Labrus bergylta (Hansen et al, 2013), Salmo salar (Sahlmann et al, 2015), Totoaba macdonaldi (Galaviz et al, 2015), Seriola rivoliana (Teles et al, 2019), Sparus aurata (Mata‐Sotres et al, 2016), Centropomus poeyi (Asencio‐Alcudia et al, 2018), Clarias magur (Mir et al, 2018) and in freshwater cichlids species such as Cichlasoma trimaculatum (Hilerio‐Ruíz et al, 2021), Oreochromis niloticus (Silva et al, 2019).…”