Nutrients that modify the speed of internal clock and memory storage processes.

Meck, Warren H.; Church, Russell M.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.101.4.465

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this respect the present finding is consistent with our previous observation of an increased coefficient of variation of IRTs under an IRT >t schedule, another "immediate" timing procedure (Wogar et al 1992(Wogar et al , 1993b. Meck and Church (1987b) reported that peak time was significantly reduced following acute exposure to a dietary regimen that is believed to increase the availability of free tryptophan. These authors attributed this effect to enhanced central 5HTergic function, and offered an explanation of the effect in terms of their cognitive model of the "internal clock" .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Their model postulates a "pacemaker" that emits pulses, and an "accumulator" that counts these pulses; in judging a time interval (for example, the interval between trial onset and reinforcer availability), the organism compares the current "pulse-count" with "pulse-counts" previously stored in memory, and, depending upon the degree of agreement between the current and stored "counts", "decides" whether to emit a response (see also Meck and Church 1987a;Gibbon and Church 1990). Meck and Church (1987b) proposed that 5HTergic function may normally help to regulate the pacemaker, and that the increase in peak time seen in their experiment reflected a slowing of the pacemaker brought about by enhanced 5HTergic transmission. It should be noted, however, that according to Meck and Church's (1987b) model, a change in peak time is only expected to occur following acute exposure to an intervention that alters pacemaker activity; during chronic exposure to such an intervention, it is postulated, revised "pulse-counts" based on the new time-base become stored in memory, allowing peak time to revert to its original value (see also Meck et al 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of lesions of the ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways on timing behaviour investigated with the fixed-interval peak procedure

Morrissey

Wogar

et al. 1994

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twelve rats received injections of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal and median raphe nuclei; 12 rats received sham lesions. The rats were then trained for 60 sessions under a discrete-trials fixed-interval schedule (peak procedure). In half the trials, a reinforcer became available 40 s after trial onset, and the trial was terminated upon reinforcer delivery; the remaining trials were 120 s in duration, and reinforcement did not occur in these trials. Performance during the 120-s trials was characterized by increasing response rate during the first 40 s of the trial, declining response rate between 40 s and 80 s, and a secondary increase in response rate during the final 40 s of the trial. The lesioned group showed a broader "spread" of the response rate function than the control group (time between attainment of 70% of the peak response rate and subsequent decline of response rate below this level); however, the peak response rate and the time from trial onset until attainment of the peak response rate did not differ significantly between the groups; the spread/peak-time ratio was significantly greater in the lesioned group than in the control group. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and hypothalamus were markedly reduced in the lesioned group, but the levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were not significantly affected by the lesion. The results confirm the involvement of 5HTergic function in timing behaviour.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of lesions of the ascending 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways on timing behaviour investigated with the fixed-interval peak procedure

Morrissey

Wogar

et al. 1994

Psychopharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The neuropharmacological model maintains that drugs and other compounds that increase or decrease acetylcholine levels should produce gradual overestimation and underestimation of time, respectively. Although some studies have found support for the role of acetylcholine in timing (e.g., Meck, 1983;Meck & Angell, 1992;Meck & Church, 1987a, 1987b, a recent study did not (Odum, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of D‐amphetamine in a Temporal Discrimination Procedure: Selective Changes in Timing or Rate Dependency?

Odum

Lieving

Schaal

2002

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments evaluated rate dependency and a neuropharmacological model of timing as explanations of the effects of amphetamine on behavior under discriminative control by time. Four pigeons pecked keys during 60-trial sessions. On each trial, the houselight was lit for a particular duration (5 to 30 s), and then the key was lit for 30 s. In Experiment 1, the key could be lit either green or blue. If the key was lit green and the sample was 30 s, or if the key was lit blue and the sample was 5 s, pecks produced food on a variable-interval 20-s schedule. The rate of key pecking increased as a function of sample duration when the key was green and decreased as a function of sample duration when the key was blue. Acute d-amphetamine (0.1 to 3.0 mg/kg) decreased higher rates of key pecking and increased lower rates of key pecking as predicted by rate dependency, but did not shift the timing functions leftward (toward overestimation) as predicted by the neuropharmacological model. These results were replicated in Experiment 2, in which the key was lit only one color during sessions, indicating that the effects were not likely due to disruption of discriminative control by key color. These results are thus consistent with rate dependency but not with the predictions of the neuropharmacological model.

show abstract

“…Lesioning of the frontal cortex in rats leads to a shift in response gradients that suggests that reference durations are remembered as too long, and choline antagonists have a similar (though reversible) effect (Meck, 1983(Meck, , 1994Meck & Church, 1987;Meck et al, 1986). The choline system is known to be affected by aging (Bartus, Dean, Beer, & Lippa, 1982;Bartus et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%