Effects of aging on absolute identification of duration.

McCormack, Teresa; Brown, Gordon D.; Maylor, Elizabeth A.; Richardson, Lucy B.N.; Darby, R. J.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.3.363

Cited by 48 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…However, the extent to which gradients are asymmetrical in this way in any given study also reflects the veridicality of longterm memory of the standard. Previous research suggests that the representation of the time intervals may become distorted in long-term memory Shurtleff et al 1992), with the standard being systematically mis-remembered as being either shorter (McCormack et al 1999) or longer (Wearden et al 1999 ;McCormack et al 2002) than it actually was. Since responses are made by comparing the memory representation of the standard with the representation of the current test stimulus, such distortion will affect the probability that erroneous positive responses are given to stimuli shorter or longer than the standard.…”

Section: Experiments 1 : Temporal Generalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration judgements in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2003

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Background. The ability to encode time cues underlies many cognitive processes. In the light of schizophrenic patients' compromised cognitive abilities in a variety of domains, it is noteworthy that there are numerous reports of these patients displaying impaired timing abilities. However, the timing intervals that patients have been evaluated on in prior studies vary considerably in magnitude (e.g. 1 s, 1 min, 1 h etc.).

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Section: Experiments 1 : Temporal Generalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration judgements in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2003

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“…Alternatively, there could be qualitative developmental changes that are specific to the long-term memory processes recruited in the task. Scalar timing models assume that memory distortion effects can occur in certain populations Elvev a ag et al, 2003b;Lejeune, Ferrara, Soffie, Bronchart, & Wearden, 1998;Malapani, Deweer, & Gibbon, 2002;McCormack et al, 1999;McCormack, Brown, Maylor, Richardson, & Darby, 2002;Meck, 1996) or under certain conditions (Meck, 1996;Meck & Church, 1987). The idea is that durations can be systematically misrepresented in memory as too short or as too long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A timing-specific memory distortion effect in young children

McCormack

Brown

Smith

et al. 2004

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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It has been suggested that there are systematic distortions in childrenÕs memory for temporal durations, such that childrenÕs memory is not just less accurate than that of adults but qualitatively different. Experiment 1 replicated the memory distortion effect by demonstrating developmental change in the tendency to confuse a reference duration with one that is shorter rather than longer than it. When the long-term memory demands of the task were reduced by providing reminders of the reference duration on every trial, there were no such qualitative changes in error patterns (Experiment 2). Further evidence for developmental changes in memory distortion was found in the temporal generalization task of Experiment 3, in which stimuli were spaced logarithmically rather than linearly. In Experiment 4, a similar distortion pattern was absent in a task in which children made judgments about the pitch rather than the duration of stimuli, suggesting the effect may be specific to time estimation.

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“…The literature on monitoring temporal duration has found robust age differences in time monitoring on a variety of time estimation tasks, most emphasizing the duration of simple perceptual events or performed actions (e.g., McCormack, Brown, Maylor, Richardson, & Darby, 2002;Salthouse, Wright, & Ellis, 1979;Wearden, Wearden, & Rabbitt, 1997). Block, Zakay, and Hancock's (1998) meta-analysis concluded that older adults overestimated temporal durations relative to younger adults.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…They found that verbal estimates of temporal judgments with filled intervals underestimated temporal duration, whereas prospective production (requiring a response after a fixed amount of time) typically overestimated duration. Older adults' time estimates diverged more from actual durations in both types of tasks (see also McCormack et al, 2002). Craik and Hay (1999) suggested that aging affects both an internal clock and attention devoted to the passage of time that is constrained under divided attention or other resource demands.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This result suggests that (a) older adults have a relatively accurate sense of ordinal differences in image formation time (i.e., they can discriminate long from short imagery latencies) and (b) this level of monitoring accuracy was sufficient to inform JOL ratings. Given that age differences in latency estimates are often small in magnitude (e.g., McCormack et al, 2002), the functional impact of age differences in time-monitoring accuracy latency has yet to be demonstrated. This study evaluates a task in which age differences in latency monitoring could have a material impact on age differences in performance: Ackerman and Woltz's (1994) noun-pair (NP) lookup task.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does a time-monitoring deficit influence older adults' delayed retrieval shift during skill acquisition?

Hertzog¹,

Touron²,

Hines³

2007

Psychology and Aging

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Abstract:The authors evaluated age-related time-monitoring deficits and their contribution to older adults' reluctance to shift to memory retrieval in the noun-pair lookup (NP) task. Older adults (M = 67 years) showed slower rates of response time (RT) improvements than younger adults (M = 19 years), because of a delayed strategy shift. Older adults estimated scanning latencies as being faster than they actually were and showed poor resolution in discriminating short from long RTs early in practice. The difference in estimated RT for retrieval and scanning strategies predicted retrieval use, independent of actual RT differences. Separate scanning and recognition memory tasks revealed larger time-monitoring differences for older adults than in the NP task. Apparently, the context of heterogeneous RTs as a result of strategy use in the NP task improved older adults' accuracy of RT estimates. RT feedback had complex effects on time-monitoring accuracy, although it generally improved absolute and relative accuracy of RT estimates. Feedback caused older adults to shift more rapidly to the retrieval strategy in the NP task. Results suggest that deficient time monitoring plays a role in older adults' delayed retrieval shift, although other factors (e.g., confidence in the retrieval strategy) also play a role. Article:Monitoring internal states and behavioral outcomes is a critical component of adaptive self-regulation in cognitive tasks (Koriat, Goldsmith, & Pansky, 2000;Nelson, 1996;Shallice & Burgess, 1991). Research on metamemory and aging indicates that older adults monitor encoding and retrieval processes with equivalent accuracy compared with young adults, despite major age differences in episodic memory performance itself (e.g.,

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Effects of aging on absolute identification of duration.

Cited by 48 publications

References 63 publications

Duration judgements in patients with schizophrenia

Duration judgements in patients with schizophrenia

A timing-specific memory distortion effect in young children

Does a time-monitoring deficit influence older adults' delayed retrieval shift during skill acquisition?

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