Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus

Bourbour, Fatemeh; Dahka, Samaneh Mirzaei; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Akbari, Mohammad Esmail; Shadnoush, Mahdi; Haghighi, Mohammad; Taghvaye‐Masoumi, Hamidreza; Ashoori, Narjes; Doaei, S.

doi:10.1080/13813455.2020.1791188

Cited by 78 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Indeed, proper nutrition can preserve the immune system and improve its function [ 7 ]. Nutritional deficiencies influence both immune response and viral pathogenic functions [ 5 , 8 ]. Moreover, they may lead to oxidative stress in the host which can alter the genome of the virus, so that a normally benign or mildly pathogenic virus can convert to a highly virulent pathogen [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

et al. 2021

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Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on the immune system of patients with viral infections. This paper aimed to examine the effect of n3-PUFA supplementation on inflammatory and biochemical markers in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods A double-blind, randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 128 critically ill patients infected with COVID-19 who were randomly assigned to the intervention (fortified formula with n3-PUFA) (n = 42) and control (n = 86) groups. Data on 1 month survival rate, blood glucose, sodium (Na), potassium (K), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), albumin, hematocrit (HCT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), mean arterial pressure (MAP), O2 saturation (O2sat), arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), base excess (Be), white blood cells (WBCs), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (Plt), and the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were collected at baseline and after 14 days of the intervention. Results The intervention group had significantly higher 1-month survival rate and higher levels of arterial pH, HCO3, and Be and lower levels of BUN, Cr, and K compared with the control group after intervention (all P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between blood glucose, Na, HCT, Ca, P, MAP, O2sat, PO2, PCO2, WBCs, GCS, Hb, Plt, PTT, and albumin between two groups. Conclusion Omega-3 supplementation improved the levels of several parameters of respiratory and renal function in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Further clinical studies are warranted. Trial registry Name of the registry: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT); Trial registration number: IRCT20151226025699N3; Date of registration: 2020.5.20; URL of trial registry record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/48213

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

et al. 2021

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“…It is well known that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA), vitamins (folate, A, B6, B12, C, D, and E) and minerals (copper, iron, magnesium, selenium, and zinc), improve the immune system [ 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 ]. Although supplementations with omega-3 PUFA and/or micronutrients have been suggested to improve clinical outcomes of patients with ARDS [ 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 ] and to improve public health [ 167 , 177 ], it has been pointed out that only individuals at high-risk of specific nutrient deficiencies could benefit from supplementation, whereas the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population [ 178 ].…”

Section: Mechanisms Of the Mediterranean Diet Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in the Covid-19 Era: Implications of Il-6 In Diabesity

Fedullo¹,

Schiattarella

Morlando

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) during the COVID-19 pandemic era and the specific role of interleukin (IL)-6 in diabesity. It is known that diabetes, high body mass index, high glycated hemoglobin and raised serum IL-6 levels are predictive of poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunopathological mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include rising levels of several cytokines and in particular IL-6. The latter is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and could be useful for predicting the development of GDM. Rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, MedDiet improves the immune system and could modulate IL-6, C reactive protein and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, polyphenols could modulate microbiota composition, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, lower IL-6, and upregulate antioxidant enzymes. Finally, adhering to the MedDiet prior to and during pregnancy could have a protective effect, reducing GWG and the risk of GDM, as well as improving the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.

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“…Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant and has a role in the proper function of immune system [58]. Indeed, it protects cell membranes, including those of immune cells from lipid peroxidation [71].…”

Section: Vitamin Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron participates in the differentiation and growth of epithelial tissue and the production of reactive oxygen species, which combat pathogens [58]. Supplementary iron intake has been found to reduce respiratory infections [122] while pulmonary iron modulation represents a defensive mechanism against various respiratory pathogens [123].…”

Section: Zinc Copper Magnesium and Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

Detopoulou¹,

Demopoulos²,

Antonopoulou³

2020

Preprint

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The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emerging situation with high rates of morbidity and mortality, in the pathophysiology of which inflammation and thrombosis are implicated. The disease is directly connected to the nutritional status of patients and a well-balanced diet is recommended by official sources. Recently, the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) was suggested in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In the present review several micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, selenium, omega-3 fatty acids, minerals), phytonutrients and Mediterranean diet compounds (olive oil, fish, honey, plant foods) with potential anti-COVID activity are presented. We further underline that the well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions of the investigated nutrients and/ or holistic dietary schemes, such as the Mediterranean diet, are also mediated through PAF. In conclusion, although there is no single food to prevent coronavirus, the aim is to follow a healthy diet containing PAF inhibitors in order to target both inflammation and thrombosis and try to avoid or/and reduce the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Nutrients in prevention, treatment, and management of viral infections; special focus on Coronavirus

Cited by 78 publications

References 69 publications

The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial

Mediterranean Diet for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in the Covid-19 Era: Implications of Il-6 In Diabesity

Micronutrients, Non-Nutrients and Mediterranean Diet: A Potential Protective Role Against COVID-19 through Modulation of PAF Actions and Metabolism

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