Nutrient utilization during biomass and anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of wild carrot cells

Cell cultures of grapes, Vitis v&ifera L. cv Gamay Fr6aux were grown under different conditions of external osmotic potential induced by an increase of sucrose concentration or by the addition of mannitol to the culture medium. Addition of 82 mM mannitol or increasing sucrose concentration to 132 mM had similar effects on repressing growth. Cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside are three main anthocyanins of Vitis cells. Increasing osmotic potential from -0.43 MPa to -0.8 MPa in the medium resulted in a significant intracellular accumulation of anthocyanin especially peonidin 3-glucoside in the pigmented cells. High osmotic potential appears to stimulate the methylation of anthocyanins. Osmotic potential is an important culture factor and may be useful in the controlling of anthocyanin production and composition.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Accumulation of peonidin 3-glucoside enhanced by osmotic stress in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspension

Bao

Cormier

1991

“…1). This effect is well known and seems to be due to acid invertases which are localized in the medium and in the cell walls [1,6,13]. Thereafter the hexoses were actively consumed in all media, except in medium containing 24mM ammonium ions where sugars were assimilated more slowly.…”

Section: Nutrient Consumption In the Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In Euphorbia millii cells, anthocyanin production was inhibited by high concentrations of ammonium ion [26]. In wild carrot cell cultures, the correlation between anthocyanin accumulation and ammonia levels in the medium suggested that ammonia in excess of 3-5 mM in the medium inhibited anthocyanin accumulation [6]. and low nitrate ions repressed the formation of anthocyanin [25].…”

Section: Anthocyanin Formationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of high ammonium concentrations on growth and anthocyanin formation in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspension cultured in a production medium

Bao

Cormier

1991

Cultivating Vitis vinifera cell suspensions in a production medium which is characterized by high sucrose and low nitrate concentrations (132 mM and 6.25 mM respectively) repressed growth but enhanced the intracellular accumulation of anthocyanins, especially peonidin 3-glucoside. Increasing the ammonium concentration of the production medium from 2 to 8-16mM increased growth and decreased the accumulation of anthocyanins and peonidin 3-glucoside specifically. Instead, peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside accumulated. At 24 mM ammonium concentration, growth was inhibited and accumulation of peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside was significant (p < 0.05) and represented 42% of total anthocyanins after 12 days of culture compared with 19% in the production medium with 2 mM ammonium.

“…Most published data on nutrient utilization in vitro were generated from cell suspension cultures (Dougall 1980;Dougall & Frazier 1989;MacCarthy et al 1980;McDonald & Jackman 1989;Martin & Rose 1976). Information on nutrient uptake in organ (shoot) cultures is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutrient utilization in liquid/membrane system for watermelon micropropagation

Desamero

Adelberg

Hale

et al. 1993

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai] proliferating shoot meristems from established shoot cultures were inoculated on modified Murashige and Skoog salts medium supplemented with 10 txM 6-benzyladenine (BA) for shoot proliferation and on similar medium supplemented with 1 IxM BA and 10 txM gibberellic acid (GA3) for shoot elongation. Agar-solidified medium and microporous polypropylene membrane rafts in liquid medium were used to support the tissues. Growth over culture time of proliferating and elongating tissues in liquid and agar-solidified media were compared. Nutrient depletion in liquid medium was monitored and quantified using ion selective electrodes. Tissue fresh weights in both proliferation and shoot elongation media were greater in liquid than in agar-solidified medium. Relative dry matter content, however, was greater in agar-solidified than in liquid medium. More shoots elongated in agar-solidified than in liquid medium. The numbers of buds or unelongated shoot meristems, however, were comparable for both the liquid and agar-solidified medium. Proliferating and elongating tissues in liquid medium used Ca ++ and K ÷ minimally. NO 3 was utilized but not depleted by proliferating tissues. NH4, however, was depleted. Most of the NH 4 was utilized by the proliferating tissues within 21 days of culture when growth rate was greatest. At 35 days, residual Ca ++, K +, NO 3, and NH2 in proliferation medium were 81.0%, 67.8%, 55.7%, and 1.2% of initial levels, respectively. NO 3 and NH 4 in shoot elongation medium were depleted. The greatest NO 3 and NH 4 utilization was observed during the first 14 days of culture Ca , NO3 and NH4 in shoot elongation when the largest growth rate was obtained. The residual + ÷ K ÷ , , medium at 38 days were 63.5%, 37.9%, 21.2%, and 24.3% of initial concentrations, respectively. At the end of experiment, 72.3% and 42.8% of initial sugars were still remaining in the shoot proliferation and shoot elongation medium, respectively.