Effects of high ammonium concentrations on growth and anthocyanin formation in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cell suspension cultured in a production medium

Abstract

Cultivating Vitis vinifera cell suspensions in a production medium which is characterized by high sucrose and low nitrate concentrations (132 mM and 6.25 mM respectively) repressed growth but enhanced the intracellular accumulation of anthocyanins, especially peonidin 3-glucoside. Increasing the ammonium concentration of the production medium from 2 to 8-16mM increased growth and decreased the accumulation of anthocyanins and peonidin 3-glucoside specifically. Instead, peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside accumulated. At 24 mM ammonium concentration, growth was inhibited and accumulation of peonidin 3-p-coumaroylglucoside was significant (p < 0.05) and represented 42% of total anthocyanins after 12 days of culture compared with 19% in the production medium with 2 mM ammonium.

The effect of inoculum density and conditioned medium on the production of ajmalicine and catharanthine from immobilizedCatharanthus roseus cells

“…The pH dropped in all the cultures during the first 5 d. However, the pH drop in the cultures with MS-production medium was at least 0.3 pH units lower than the other cultures. The initial decrease in pH observed in all the cultures was partly associated with the uptake of ammonium from the medium (McDonald and Jackman, 1989;Do and Cormier, 1991). The sharper drop in the pH of the cultures in MS-production medium compared to the other cultures was a result of the higher ammonium concentration present in the MS-production medium.…”

Light-Induced Expression of a MYB Gene Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Red Apples

“…Gold particles were coated by the method in Ramsay et al (2003) with a mixture of 150 ng each of the constructs; MdMYB1 in pART7, AtEGL3 in pFF19 (Ramsay et al, 2003), either MdDFR or MdUFGT promoter fragments in pLuc, and 3 ng of the Renilla reniformis LUC plasmid pRluc (Horstmann et al, 2004). A suspension culture of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Chardonnay petiole callus was grown in Grape Cormier medium (Do and Cormier, 1991) to a log phase and filtered onto sterile Whatman1 discs (5.5 cm) on the surface of Grape Cormier-agar plates. The Chardonnay cells were bombarded with DNAcoated gold particles at 350 kPa helium in a vacuum of 75 kPa and a distance of 14 cm as described by Torregrosa et al (2002).…”

Pigments in Grape

“…The addition of nitrate has also been shown to increase anthocyanin levels in cell suspension cultures, presumably by removing an inhibitory effect on production and transport [111]. In contrast, high ammonium concentrations in the culture medium can lead to a reduction in the accumulation of anthocyanins [112]. Combined, the effect of high sugar and low nitrogen can lead to an increase in anthocyanin accumulation [111].…”