Nutrient Uptake and Distribution in a Mature `Pinot noir' Vineyard

Abstract

<jats:p>The nutrient uptake and distribution patterns for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were determined in mature (23 to 24 year old), field-grown, rainfed grapevines (<jats:italic>Vitis vinifera</jats:italic> L. `Pinot noir') growing in a red hill soil in Oregon in 2001 and 2002. Biomass, nutrient concentrations, and nutrient contents of all plant organs, including roots, were determined on 14 sampling dates over 2 years. There was no seasonal change in the standing biomass of primary roots (fine feeder roots), small woody (&lt;4 mm diameter) or large woody (&gt;4 mm diameter) roots. Trunk biomass also did not change during the 2 years, but all other vine organs showed significant seasonal changes in biomass. The rate of N uptake was greatest at bloom, when remobilization from reserves was also high. Nitrogen was also taken up after leaf fall in 2001, but not in 2002, when an early frost occurred before soil moisture recovery by fall rains. Uptake of N, K, and Ca from soil was similar between years, even though canopy demand for N and K was greater in 2002 (significantly larger crop). Phosphorus uptake from soil was lower in 2002 than in 2001, which was most likely due to the drier conditions in 2002. A greater quantity of canopy N, K, and especially P was supplied from stored reserves in the drier 2002 growing season. About 50% of canopy requirements for N and P were remobilized from reserves in the trunk and roots by the time of fruit maturity in 2002. Only 15% of canopy K and &lt;5% of canopy Ca or Mg came from stored reserves in 2002. Our findings indicate that nonirrigated grapevines grown in Oregon acquire nutrients from soil earlier in the growing season and have a greater reliance on stored reserves of N and P than reported in previous studies from other growing regions. Replenishment of nutrient reserves occurred to large extent during the postharvest period. Rainfed vineyards in Oregon may require different nutrient management practices than irrigated vineyards, since low soil moisture may limit summer uptake of P.</jats:p>

Estimating the contribution of nitrogen from legume cover crops to the nitrogen nutrition of grapevines using a 15N dilution technique

“…This was similar to the findings of a grapevine investigation undertaken in Europe (Wermelinger and Koblet 1990), but contrasts with a North American study conducted in a 23 year old Pinot noir vineyard which found relatively larger amounts of N in the roots and trunk than leaves (Schreiner and Scagel 2006), indicating that older and bigger vines may have the capacity to store more N in root and trunk reserves than measured in the present trial in a 5 year old vineyard.…”

“…The rate of N uptake by vines increases from bud break and reaches a maximum close to bloom and fruit set during late spring-early summer (Wermelinger and Koblet 1990;Schreiner and Scagel 2006). The soil temperature and water conditions most favorable for rapid mineralization of the N in organic matter are also likely to occur in spring (Mengel 1996;Fillery 2001;Peoples et al 2009).…”

Berry nitrogen status altered by cover cropping: Effects on berry hormone dynamics, growth and amino acid composition of Pinot Noir

“…This indicates that the vines from solid treatment had lower N-reserves, since the previous year's post-harvest N-uptake, the period of active N buildup in the vine's perennial parts, was in competition with the grass cover crop. A flush of root growth starts at or around bloom, depending on the soil temperature, and active N-uptake by the vines occurs between bloom and veraison and again during post-harvest periods of the current year (Schreiner & Scagel, 2006;Wermelinger & Koblet, 1990;Wermelinger et al, 1991;Yang & Hori, 1979;Zapata, Deleens, Chaillou, & Magne, 2004). In the later stages of berry formation, the N-concentration increased to some extent in cover crop treated berries but continued to be at lower levels compared to clean-cultivated berries.…”

“…Vegetative growth of red fescue grass is active from spring to fall and competes with vines for soil nitrogen resources during this time. In addition, N-reserves might continue to contribute up to 50% to the vine growth from bloom to veraison when the reserves are high (Cheng & Xia, 2004;Schreiner & Scagel, 2006). On the other hand, the result of low N-concentration of cover crop berries at harvest could be attributed to the weak sink strength of berries postveraison (Rodrigue-Lovelle and Gaudillere, 2002) along with the reduced N availability in the soils due to the cover crop.…”

Relationships among Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Nitrogen Nutritional Status, Yield Components, and Must Quality in Semi-arid Vineyards from Rioja AOC, Spain

“…The rate of vine N uptake increases from bud break and reaches a maximum close to bloom and fruit set during late spring-early summer (Schreiner, Scagel, and Baham 2006). From fruit set N is progressively less utilized for vegetative growth and increasingly more utilized by the fruit (Conradie 1986).…”