Nutrient transport in the major rivers and streams of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington

Inkpen, E.L.; Embrey, S.S.

doi:10.3133/fs00998

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Here, we likely omitted an important OM source, as evidenced by extremely high δ 15 N signatures during the low flow period. The Samish River has one of the highest nitrogen concentrations in the area, largely because the catchment area is dominated by agricultural land (Inkpen and Embry ), and is therefore influenced by artificial fertilizers and manure effluent with δ 15 N ranges between +2‰ and +30‰ (Lefebvre et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we likely omitted an important OM source, as evidenced by extremely high d 15 N signatures during the low flow period. The Samish River has one of the highest nitrogen concentrations in the area, largely because the catchment area is dominated by agricultural land (Inkpen and Embry 1998), and is therefore influenced by artificial fertilizers and manure effluent with d 15 N ranges between +2& and +30& ). The combination of a missed OM source and placement of the tripod likely drive the unexpected redundancy model relationships between maximum particle speeds, net range of particle transport, and marsh detritus.…”

Section: Comparing Consumers As Indicators Of Food Web Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detrital shadows: estuarine food web connectivity depends on fluvial influence and consumer feeding mode

Howe

Simenstad

Ogston

2017

Ecological Applications

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We measured the influence of landscape setting on estuarine food web connectivity in five macrotidal Pacific Northwest estuaries across a gradient of freshwater influence. We used stable isotopes (δ C, δ N, δ S) in combination with a Bayesian mixing model to trace primary producer contributions to suspension- and deposit-feeding bivalve consumers (Mytilus trossulus and Macoma nasuta) transplanted into three estuarine vegetation zones: emergent marsh, mudflat, and eelgrass. Eelgrass includes both Japanese eelgrass (Zostera japonica) and native eelgrass (Zostera marina). Fluvial discharge and consumer feeding mode strongly influenced the strength and spatial scale of observed food web linkages, while season played a secondary role. Mussels displayed strong cross-ecosystem connectivity in all estuaries, with decreasing marine influence in the more fluvial estuaries. Mussel diets indicated homogenization of detrital sources within the water column of each estuary. In contrast, the diets of benthic deposit-feeding clams indicated stronger compartmentalization in food web connectivity, especially in the largest river delta where clam diets were trophically disconnected from marsh sources of detritus. This suggests detritus deposition is patchy across space, and less homogenous than the suspended detritus pool. In addition to fluvial setting, other estuary-specific environmental drivers, such as marsh area or particle transport speed, influenced the degree of food web linkages across space and time, often accounting for unexpected patterns in food web connectivity. Transformations of the estuarine landscape that alter river hydrology or availability of detritus sources can thus potentially disrupt natural food web connectivity at the landscape scale, especially for sedentary organisms, which cannot track their food sources through space.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparing Consumers As Indicators Of Food Web Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detrital shadows: estuarine food web connectivity depends on fluvial influence and consumer feeding mode

Howe

Simenstad

Ogston

2017

Ecological Applications

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“…Therefore, urban land use has a small P application rate (see Table 1) compared to that observed in literature (USE-PA, 1980). Atmospheric deposition of P for the Fishtrap Creek Catchment was assumed to be equivalent to that estimated for the whole Nooksack River basin (Inkpen and Embrey, 1998). Atmospheric deposition of P is included in P application rates of all land use categories.…”

Section: P Application Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality modeling under hydrologic variability and parameter uncertainty using erosion-scaled export coefficients

Khadam

Kaluarachchi

2006

Journal of Hydrology

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“…Land use pajerns also play an important role. Researchers have found that more agriculturally acKve and heavily urbanized watersheds contribute three Kmes the nitrogen and phosphorous loads to the Puget Sound than the forested watersheds in the Olympic Mountains (Inkpen and Embrey., 1998).…”

Section: Water Quality and Waste Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valuing the Puget Sound Basin: Revealing our Best Investments

Batker¹

2010

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Nature provides goods and services offering magnificent value and extraordinary investment opportunity. 14 goods and services provided by nature within the Puget Sound Basin provide benefits worth between $9.7 billion and $83 billion every year. This "natural capital" includes drinking water, food, wildlife, climate regulaKon, flood protecKon, recreaKon, aestheKc value and more. Valuing the asset that provides this annual flow of goods and services-that is, the natural capital of the Puget Sound Basin, as if it were a capital asset shows it would be valued between $305 billion and $2.6 trillion (at a 3% discount rate). This wide range in value should not be surprising. Every house or business appraisal has a range in potenKal values. Appraisers arbitrarily pick a number between these figures to provide to clients. By providing a range this report avoids that arbitrary single number selecKon. In addiKon, volaKlity in asset value is normal. Consider the value of Washington Mutual Bank, $306 billion in January 2008 yet it was sold for $1.3 billion in October 2008. The lower values provided in this study are really base values. Natural assets examined in this report, such as water, flood protecKon and recreaKon, are far more stable in value than many other economic assets. This study idenKfies 23 natural goods and services that provide value to people, businesses and government agencies. Of these, 14 were valued. These ecosystem services can also be mapped, showing the provisioning areas, beneficiaries and impairments to ecosystem services; values will be further refined when we are able to take full advantage of modeling systems currently under development (See page 76). Understanding the value ecosystem services provide, where these benefits are provided on the landscape, who benefits from them and where they are impaired sets up a sound scienKfic and economic basis for developing funding mechanisms to secure this vast value. Even at the low end of this esKmate the value of natural systems in the Puget Sound Basin is enormous. Yet this wealth is being lost. As the ecological health of the region deteriorates, benefits once provided for free and potenKally in perpetuity are deterioraKng or disappearing. As each ecosystem service is lost, residents, businesses and agencies suffer damage. To reduce damage, new expensive engineered infrastructure is developed to replace nature's lost and previously free services. Levees, stormwater systems, water filtraKon plants and other built capital all require maintenance, depreciate in value and require replacement every 40-60 years. The most efficient, least costly, sustainable and robust systems ofen require a combinaKon of 1 Natural systems in the Puget Sound basin, if valued as economic assets, would be worth between $305 billion and $2.6 trillion. natural and built capital. For example, the Cedar River watershed provides water (natural capital), while pipes (built capital) deliver the water to people's homes. This is not an either/or discussion, it is about how built and nat...

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Nutrient transport in the major rivers and streams of the Puget Sound Basin, Washington

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Detrital shadows: estuarine food web connectivity depends on fluvial influence and consumer feeding mode

Detrital shadows: estuarine food web connectivity depends on fluvial influence and consumer feeding mode

Water quality modeling under hydrologic variability and parameter uncertainty using erosion-scaled export coefficients

Valuing the Puget Sound Basin: Revealing our Best Investments

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