Nutrient reserves in roots of fruit trees, in particular carbohydrates and nitrogen

Changes in non‐structural carbohydrate concentration in 1‐year‐old shoots of ‘Braeburn’ apple(Malus domestica)over two consecutive years

“…The reported carbohydrate fluctuations in fruit trees in several Northern Hemisphere locations (Mochizuki & Hanada 1957;Priestley 1960;Dowler & King 1966;Tromp 1983;Oliveira & Priestley 1988;Yoshioka et al 1988;Gaudillere et al 1992;Corelli-Grappadelli et al 1994;Hagidimitriou & Roper 1994) were similar to those seen in trees grown in New Zealand. These fluctuations can be summarised as starch declined from bud break in spring until late summer when replenishment occurred.…”

Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees

“…These proteins are rich in arginine and other basic amino acids (Kang and Titus, 1980), accumulate in the fall, disappear in the spring and are glycoproteins similar to those found in soybean (Franceschi et al, 1983 (Chapin and Kedrowski, 1983;Cote and Dawson, 1986;Tyrrell and Boerner, 1987). Nitrogen accumulation continues late into the fall in the main stem and roots as soluble nitrogen moves from twigs to main stem, and newly absorbed inorganic nitrogen is converted into organic nitrogen and stored in roots (Tromp, 1983;Kato, 1986 Kato (1986) found that nitrogen in the new flush came from mature leaves (20%), stem (40%), roots (30%) and the soil (10%). Similarly, Nambiar and Fife (1987) …”

“…In spite of the large number of amino compounds found in xylem, only the amides, asparagine and glutamine; the amino acids, glutamate, aspartate, arginine and proline; and the ureides, allantoin, allantoic acid and citrulline, are common and major transport compounds (Barnes, 1963;Pate, 1980;Kato, 1986;Schubert, 1986 (Pate, 1980 (Dickson, 1987). These cycles have been studied mainly in fruit trees and have been recently reviewed (Glerum, 1980;Stassen et al, 1981;Titus and Kang, 1982;Tromp, 1983;Kato, 1986 (Millard, 1988 (Tromp, 1983). In apple trees, in late November when protein accumulation in bark peaked, Kang and Titus (1980) (Kato, 1986).…”

“…No such detailed quantitative information on carbon and nitrogen allocation is available for any tree species. However, there is considerable descriptive information for carbon allocation in Populus (Isebrands and Nelson, 1983; Dickson, 1986;Bonicel et al, 1987), and for carbon and nitrogen allocation in fruit trees (Titus and Kang, 1982;Tromp, 1983;Kato, 1986 (Schulze, 1982 (Dickson and Nelson, 1982;Smith and P;aul, 1988 (Schulze, 1982 (Pearcy et al, 1987). However, only a small portion of total leaf mass is renewed each year.…”

Analyse des transferts d'azote dans un arbre entier à l'aide d'un modèle à compartiments

“…Les arbres fruitiers sont caractérisés, en ce qui concerne leur nutrition, par un pool de réserves azotées et carbonées important (Tromp, 1983). ll existe sur ce sujet une litté-rature abondante et plus particulièrement pour ce qui est de l'étude des réserves azotées (Titus et Kang, 1982 ;Habib, 1984).…”