Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees

Dickson, Richard E.

doi:10.1051/forest:198905art0142

Cited by 191 publications

(153 citation statements)

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“…The potential flux of C below ground represents a considerable cost to trees (Dickson, 1989), and below-ground production is estimated to account for more than 50 °o of total production in forest ecosystems (Persson, 1979;Keyes & Grier, 1981;Fogel, 1990;Hendrick & Pregitzer, 1993). Several studies have reported decreases in root biomass associated with above-ground exposure to O., with concomitant decreases in root:shoot ratios (Cooley & Manning, 1987;Miller, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Andersen

1997

New Phytologist

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Exposure to ozone (O,,) has been shown to decrease the allocation of carbon to tree roots. Decreased allocation of carbon to roots might disrupt root metabolism and rhizosphere organisms. The efFects of soil type and shoot O3 exposure on below-ground respiration and soil microbial populations were investigated using container-grown ponderosa pine {Pmus ponderosa Laws.) growing in a low-nutrient soil, or a fertilizer-amended organic potting media, and exposed to one of three levels of O3 for two growing seasons in open-top exposure chambers. A closed system, designed to measure below-ground respiratory activity (CO^ production, O^ consumption and RQRespiration Quotient; (CO^; O.^) of plants growing in pots, was used monthly to monitor below-ground respiration of 3-yr-old ponderosa pine.Although seasonal differences were detected, CO.^ production (//.mol h~' g~' total root d. wt), Oj consumption (/tmol h"' g~' total root d. wt) and RQ (CO.^:O,) increased with increasing O3 exposure level. Seasonal patterns showed increased respiration rates during periods of rapid root growth in spring and early fall. Respiration quotient tended to decrease during known periods of active root growth in control seedlings, but a similar response was not observed in O^-treated seedlings. Responses to O3 were greatest in the soil-grown plants, which had a lower fertility le\'el than media-grown plants. Although root d. wt was decreased, root: shoot ratios did not change in response to O.,. Soil-grown plants had higher root-shoot ratios than media-grown plants, reflecting the lower fertility of the soil.Plant exposure to O3 was found to affect both active and total populations of soil organisms. In both organic potting media and in soil, biomass of active soil fungi, and the ratio of active-fungal to active-bacterial biomass increased with increasing plant exposure to O.j. The effect of O3 on total fungal and bacterial biomass was not linear: at low O., levels, total fungal and bacterial biomass increased; at the high O3 level, total fungal and bacterial biomass decreased compared with those of controls.Our results show that O, exposure to shoots significantly disrupts CO^ production and O, consumption of soil and roots of ponderosa pine seedlings. Below-ground respiratory differences were thought to be a result of changes in respiratory substrates, carbon refixation within the plant and soil microbial activity. Ozone also changes belowground RQ, suggesting that Q., substantially disrupts root metabolism and interactions with rhizosphere organisms. Ozone exposure of ponderosa pine grown in different soil types can disrupt below-ground respiration and influence populations of soil organisms without alteration of biomass partitioning between above-and belowground plant components. Collectively, the effect of O, on the below-ground system is of concern since it is likely that these changes are accompanied by a change in the ability of root systems to acquire nutrient and water resources and possibly to synthesize amino acids and proteins...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Andersen

1997

New Phytologist

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“…Basipetal transport of glutathione was observed irrespective of leaf or plant development (data not shown). Since allocation of photosynthate in Quercus rubra was influenced by leaf and plant development (Dickson 1989;Tomlinson et al 1991), it appears that source-sink relations of reduced sulphur and photosynthate are different in oak trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂, mycorrhization and drought on long‐distance transport of reduced sulphur in young pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

Schulte

Herschbach

Rennenberg

1998

Plant Cell & Environment

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Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) was germinated and grown under nutrient non-limiting conditions for a total of 10-15 weeks at ambient CO 2 concentration and 1100 µmol mol -1 CO 2 either in the presence or the absence of the mycorrhizal fungus Laccaria laccata. Half of the oak trees of these treatments were exposed to drought during final growth by suspending the water supply for 21 d. Mycorrhization and elevated atmospheric CO 2 each enhanced total plant biomass per tree. Whereas additional biomass accumulation of trees grown under elevated CO 2 was mainly attributed to increased growth of lateral roots, mycorrhization promoted shoot growth. Water deficiency reduced biomass accumulation without affecting relative water content, but this effect was more pronounced in mycorrhizal as compared to non-mycorrhizal trees. Elevated CO 2 partially prevented the development of drought stress, as indicated by leaf water potential, but did not counteract the negative effects of water deficiency on growth during the time studied. Enhanced biomass accumulation requires adaption in protein synthesis and, as a consequence, enhanced allocation of reduced sulphur produced in the leaves to growing tissues. Therefore, allocation of reduced sulphur from oak leaves was studied by flapfeeding radiolabelled GSH, the main long-distance transport form of reduced sulphur, to mature oak leaves. Export of radiolabel proceeded almost exclusively in basipetal direction to the roots. The rate of export of radioactivity out of the fed leaves was significantly enhanced under elevated CO 2 , irrespective of mycorrhization. A higher proportion of the exported GSH was transported to the roots than to basipetal stem sections under elevated CO 2 as compared to ambient CO 2 . Mycorrhization did not affect 35 S export out of the fed leaves, but the distribution of radiolabel between stem and roots was altered in preference of the stem. Trees exposed to drought did not show appreciable export of the 35 S radioactivity fed to the leaves when grown under ambient CO 2 . Apparently, drought inhibited basipetal transport of reduced sulphur at the level of phloem loading and/or phloem transport. Elevated CO 2 seemed to counteract this effect of drought stress to some extent, since higher leaf water potentials and improved 35 S export out of the fed leaves was observed in oak trees exposed to drought and elevated CO 2 as compared to trees exposed to drought and ambient CO 2 .

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“…Exponential nutrient loading may benefit deciduous species because significant quantities of nutrients are resorbed (50-90%) from foliage into root and shoot tissues [1,13,41] prior to leaf senescence. Thus, roots and shoots serve as important sinks for N storage during senescence and sources of N for new growth the following spring [12,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings

Salifu

Jacobs

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-We quantified and characterized fertility targets for nursery culture of container northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Plants were supplied with a 15N-5P 2 O 5 -15K 2 O fertilizer at eight rates ranging from 0-150 mg N plant -1 and reared for 18 wk in a greenhouse. Plant growth and nutritional response to increased fertilization followed a curvilinear pattern depicting phases that ranged from deficiency to toxicity. Seedling dry mass production was maximized at sufficiency (25 mg N plant -1 season -1 ) while optimum N and P uptake occurred at 100 mg N plant -1 season -1 . The 150 mg N plant -1 seasonal dose rate induced N and P toxicity, but resulted in antagonistic K interaction. Nutrient loading raised plant N and P contents by 27 and 55%. This new approach demonstrates promise to help refine fertility targets for nursery production of Q. rubra planting stock and may have application to other hardwood species or cultural systems.antagonistic interaction / exponential fertilization / growth / luxury uptake / northern red oak / vector diagnosis Résumé -Caractérisation des objectifs de fertilité et des interactions multiéléments chez des semis de Quercus rubra cultivés en pépinière. Des objectifs de fertilité ont été quantifiés et caractérisés pour des semis de chêne rouge d'Amérique (Quercus rubra L.) cultivés en pépinière. Les semis ont été alimentés avec un engrais 15N-5P2O5-15K2O selon huit taux de 0-150 mg N plant -1 et ont poussés pendant 18 semaines dans une serre. La croissance des semis, leur réponse nutritionnelle à un accroissement de la fertilisation a suivi un modèle curvilinéaire décrivant des phases rangées depuis la carence jusqu'à la toxicité. La production en matière sèche des semis a été maximale à la dose suffisante correspondant à 25 mg N plant -1 saison -1 , tandis que l'optimum de consommation s'est situé à 100 mg N plant -1 saison -1 . La dose saisonnière de 150 mg N plant -1 a induit une toxicité N et P, mais il en est résulté une interaction antagoniste avec K. Le prélèvement de nutriments par les plants a augmenté le contenu en N et P de 27 % et 55 %. Cette nouvelle approche démontre la possibilité d'espérer perfectionner les objectifs de fertilité pour une production en pépinière de plants de Quercus rubra et peuvent avoir une application pour d'autres espèces feuillues et d'autres systèmes culturaux. interaction antagoniste / fertilisation exponentielle / croissance / consommation de luxe / chêne rouge / vecteur diagnose

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Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees

Cited by 191 publications

References 69 publications

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂, mycorrhization and drought on long‐distance transport of reduced sulphur in young pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings

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Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees

Cited by 191 publications

References 69 publications

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Seasonal changes in root and soil respiration of ozone‐exposed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) grown in different substrates

Interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, mycorrhization and drought on long‐distance transport of reduced sulphur in young pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.)

Characterizing fertility targets and multi-element interactions in nursery culture ofQuercus rubraseedlings

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Interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂, mycorrhization and drought on long‐distance transport of reduced sulphur in young pedunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.)