Nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status in 5- to 12-y-old children in South Africa

Visser, Marina; Zyl, Tertia van; Hanekom, Susanna M.; Baumgartner, Jeannine; Hoeven, Marinka van der; Taljaard-Krugell, Christine; Smuts, Cornelius M.; Faber, Mieke

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.01.016

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Comparisons between anaemic v. non-anaemic and ID v. non-ID children showed that significantly fewer anaemic and ID children consumed 'vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich'; however, for ID children, this was only the case for the 3-d reference period. The low consumption of 'vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich' by anaemic children corresponds to our findings on the nutrient intake of children (39) , which showed that vitamin C intake was lower in anaemic v. non-anaemic and ID v. non-ID children. Available evidence indicates that fruit and vegetable intake is associated with a reduced risk of many nutrition-related diseases in South Africa (40) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Amounts reported in household measures or volume were converted to grams using the Medical Research Council Food Quantities Manual (38) . The energy and nutrient intakes for the pooled group and each of the study sites have been reported elsewhere (39) .…”

Section: Dietary Diversity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean age of the children (n 578) was 8•7 (SD 1•3) years, the gender distribution was 51•0 % boys and 49•0 % girls, and 13•8 % of the children were anaemic, 27•7 % were ID and 19•8 % presented with elevated CRP levels. Results on the biochemical indicators of anaemia and iron status for each of the study sites have been reported elsewhere (39) . In short, differences across study sites were observed.…”

Section: Characteristics and Anaemia And Iron Status Of Children In The Pooled Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among 5- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in South Africa

Visser

Zyl

Hanekom

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Abstract Objective: To examine the associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among primary school-aged children in South Africa. Design: An analysis was conducted with pooled individual data from the baseline surveys from three previously conducted independent intervention studies. Two different dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated based on data from 1-day (1-d) and 3-day (3-d) dietary recall periods, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status. Setting: KwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces, South Africa. Participants: Children (n 578) 5- to 12-year-old. Results: A DDS ≤ 4 was associated with higher odds of being anaemic (1-d P = 0·001; 3-d P = 0·006) and being iron deficient (ID) (3-d P < 0·001). For both recall periods, consumption of ‘vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich’ and ‘animal-source foods (ASF)’ was associated with lower odds of being anaemic (both P = 0·002), and ‘organ meats’ with lower odds of being ID (1-d P = 0·045; 3-d P < 0·001). Consumption of ‘meat, chicken and fish’ was associated with lower odds of being anaemic (P = 0·045), and ‘vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich’, ‘legumes, nuts and seeds’ and ‘ASF’ with lower odds of being ID for the 3-d recall period only (P = 0·038, P = 0·020 and P = 0·003, respectively). Conclusion: In order to improve anaemia and iron status among primary school-aged children, dietary diversification, with emphasis on consumption of vegetables, fruits and ASF (including organ meats), should be promoted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Dietary Diversity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics and Anaemia And Iron Status Of Children In The Pooled Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among 5- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in South Africa

Visser

Zyl

Hanekom

et al. 2020

Public Health Nutr.

Self Cite

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“…Policies impact food product composition to address dietary shortfalls, but the full potential of food composition is often not recognized [ 25 ]. In South Africa, studies have been limited to determining consumption habits among populations [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] but our study aims to examine the nutrient patterns present within the food items consumed by the population. More specifically, we aimed to examine the nutrient patterns present among food items listed in the SAFCDB [ 20 ] using correlation and PCA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These foods are generally present in the Western diet, and the animal driven pattern found may be suggestive of a shift towards this diet [ 17 ]. Another study, Visser et al [ 19 ] found that a dietary pattern featuring vitamin A and vitamin B 12 was associated with lower odds of anaemia in 5–12-year-old South African children. This dietary pattern is reflected in our results which identified foods containing this combination of nutrients, mainly, organ meat such as kidney and liver [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Nutrient Patterns in South African Foods to Support National Nutrition Guidelines and Policies

et al. 2021

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Food composition databases (FCDBs) provide the nutritional content of foods and are essential for developing nutrition guidance and effective intervention programs to improve nutrition of a population. In public and nutritional health research studies, FCDBs are used in the estimation of nutrient intake profiles at the population levels. However, such studies investigating nutrient co-occurrence and profile patterns within the African context are very rare. This study aimed to identify nutrient co-occurrence patterns within the South African FCDB (SAFCDB). A principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to 28 nutrients and 971 foods in the South African FCDB to determine compositionally similar food items. A second principal component analysis was applied to the food items for validation. Eight nutrient patterns (NPs) explaining 73.4% of the nutrient variation among foods were identified: (1) high magnesium and manganese; (2) high copper and vitamin B12; (3) high animal protein, niacin, and vitamin B6; (4) high fatty acids and vitamin E; (5) high calcium, phosphorous and sodium; (6) low moisture and high available carbohydrate; (7) high cholesterol and vitamin D; and (8) low zinc and high vitamin C. Similar food patterns (FPs) were identified from a PCA on food items, yielding subgroups such as dark-green, leafy vegetables and, orange-coloured fruit and vegetables. One food pattern was associated with high sodium levels and contained bread, processed meat and seafood, canned vegetables, and sauces. The data-driven nutrient and food patterns found in this study were consistent with and support the South African food-based dietary guidelines and the national salt regulations.

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Variation in South African citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) landraces assessed through qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits

Ngwepe

Shimelis

Mashilo

2021

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Nutrient patterns and their relation to anemia and iron status in 5- to 12-y-old children in South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among 5- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in South Africa

Associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among 5- to 12-year-old schoolchildren in South Africa

Identifying Nutrient Patterns in South African Foods to Support National Nutrition Guidelines and Policies

Variation in South African citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) landraces assessed through qualitative and quantitative phenotypic traits

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