Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union

Oenema, O.; Oudendag, D.A.; Velthof, G.L.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2007.09.007

Cited by 253 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For dairy production, grassland systems predominate in Central and South America, Africa and Asia/Oceania; confined animals with solid manure management in Eastern Europe and the Russian Federation; and some regions have a high proportion of liquid manure management for confined animals. In grassland-based systems, faeces and urine from grazing animals is deposited on pastures or rangeland and not handled (Oenema et al, 2007). Dry areas of the tropics, and continental climates of Asia and North America, are dominated by extensive grazing by ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats, camels), often in a rotational way (Steinfeld et al, 2006).…”

Section: Manure Management Practices -A Global Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The remaining 60% to 70% is collected in housing systems, a percentage that tends to increase. Manure management systems producing solid manure represent 20% to 30% of excreta, whereas the remainder is handled as slurry that is either stored in pits beneath animal confinements or in outside tanks (Oenema et al, 2007). The proportion of manure in liquid form varies considerably between countries; it is generally higher (.65%) in central and northern Europe, even reaching more than 95% in the Netherlands, and lower (,50%) in the United Kingdom, France and some parts of Eastern Europe where housing systems are often associated with bedding materials (e.g., deep litter).…”

Section: Manure Management For Ghg Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

133

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Ongoing intensification and specialisation of livestock production lead to increasing volumes of manure to be managed, which are a source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O result from a multitude of microbial activities in the manure environment. Their relative importance depends not only on manure composition and local management practices with respect to treatment, storage and field application, but also on ambient climatic conditions. The diversity of livestock production systems, and their associated manure management, is discussed on the basis of four regional cases (Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China and Europe) with increasing levels of intensification and priorities with respect to nutrient management and environmental regulation. GHG mitigation options for production systems based on solid and liquid manure management are then presented, and potentials for positive and negative interactions between pollutants, and between management practices, are discussed. The diversity of manure properties and environmental conditions necessitate a modelling approach for improving estimates of GHG emissions, and for predicting effects of management changes for GHG mitigation, and requirements for such a model are discussed. Finally, we briefly discuss drivers for, and barriers against, introduction of GHG mitigation measures for livestock production. There is no conflict between efforts to improve food and feed production, and efforts to reduce GHG emissions from manure management. Growth in livestock populations are projected to occur mainly in intensive production systems where, for this and other reasons, the largest potentials for GHG mitigation may be found.Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, storage, treatment, farm model ImplicationsLivestock manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as methane and nitrous oxide. GHG emissions are biogenic and regulated by manure characteristics, and therefore emissions can be manipulated via handling, treatment and storage conditions. Globally, livestock production systems vary widely, and this is also true for GHG mitigation potentials, but generally efforts to conserve nutrients in manure for crop production will also reduce GHG emissions. Future growth in livestock production is projected to occur mainly in confined animal feeding operations, which also appear to have the greatest potential for GHG mitigation. IntroductionSince the mid 20th century, there has been a growing pressure on land resources for production of food and feed for livestock and, increasingly, crops for energy production (Hoogwijk et al., 2005). To fulfil the demand for meat, milk and eggs, livestock production in developing countries is expanding, especially in peri-urban areas (Gerber et al., 2005), and worldwide becomes more specialised (Steinfeld et al., 2006). In consequence of these trends, increasing volumes of livestock manure are produced, which are a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing t...

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Section: Manure Management Practices -A Global Viewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Manure Management For Ghg Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

133

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“…In a study covering a large area in Europe, Oenema et al (2007) found that~52% of the N excreted in animal housing systems is used as a plant nutrient, whereas 48% is lost to the environment. In this scenario, the N lost to the environment represents almost half of the total N amount excreted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The European Union has already implemented laws regulating environmental pollution, especially in regard to the emission of nitrogen (N) compounds, considered to be a critical pollutants affecting life on earth (European Commission, 2007). N compounds are responsible for pollution of groundwater due to nitrate leaching, eutrophication of surface water and soil acidification.In a study covering a large area in Europe, Oenema et al (2007) found that~52% of the N excreted in animal housing systems is used as a plant nutrient, whereas 48% is lost to the environment. In this scenario, the N lost to the environment represents almost half of the total N amount excreted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Donato

Sakomura

Silva

et al. 2016

Animal

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The intensification of livestock have increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking strategies that minimise these emissions. Studies have shown that it is possible to manipulate diets by reducing CP levels and thus reducing nitrogen (N) excretion, without compromising performance. However, there is no knowledge of any study that has focused on reducing N excretion and relating this reduction to individual amino acids. This study investigated the effect of dietary methionine + cysteine (MC) and threonine (THR), the two most limiting amino acids for broiler production, on nitrogen excretion (NE) and nitrogen deposition (ND) and determined the efficiency of utilisation of both amino acids for protein deposition. Six trials were conducted to measure the NE and ND in broiler chickens during three rearing phases in response to dietary amino acid. The efficiency of utilisation of the amino acids was calculated by linear regression of body protein deposition and the amino acid intake. Despite the differences between sexes and phases, the efficiency of utilisation was the same, being 0.60 and 0.59 for MC and THR, respectively. The rate of NE behaved exponentially, increasing with amino acid intake, and can exceed 50% of N intake, being higher than ND. On average, for a reduction in intake of each unit of MC or THR (mg) there is a reduction of 0.5% of NE. Although this reduction seems low, considering that it corresponds to changes in one amino acid only, the impact on a large scale would be significant. Knowledge of how animals respond to NE and ND/protein deposition according to amino acid dietary content may represent new efforts towards reducing the impact on environment.Keywords: amino acids, efficiency of utilisation, environmental pollution, nutrition, poultry ImplicationsThis study shows the effect of amino acids on nitrogen excretion and deposition and on their efficiency of utilisation for protein deposition by broilers. The nitrogen originating from the poultry is an environmental pollutant. Provision of higher amounts of amino acids, besides not increasing protein deposition, also causes increased nitrogen excretion. Meeting animal's amino acids requirements, provides greater efficiency of utilisation of these amino acids, without affecting protein deposition in the animals, and thus reduces nitrogen excretion. In this way, the management of amino acids in broilers diets may allow new efforts to reduce the impact of intensification of livestock. IntroductionThe intensification of livestock have significantly increased the emission of pollutants to the environment, leading to a growing interest in seeking alternatives that minimise these emissions. The European Union has already implemented laws regulating environmental pollution, especially in regard to the emission of nitrogen (N) compounds, considered to be a critical pollutants affecting life on earth (European Commission, 2007). N compounds are responsible for pollution of groundwater due to nitrate lea...

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“…The manure problem has been extensively described (e.g. Helming and Reinhard, 2009, Lacroix et al, 2005, Lauwers et al, 1998, Oenema et al, 2007, Wossink and Gardebroeck, 2006, making it a good case to increase our understanding of the opportunities for CPT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markets of concentration permits: The case of manure policy

Straeten

Buysse

Nolte

et al. 2011

Ecological Economics

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Concentration permits are regarded as an interesting policy tool for regulating emissions where, besides absolute amounts, also local concentration is important. However, effects of governance structure, trading system and possible policy interventions in the permits' allocation are not yet well analysed and understood. This paper explores in how far tradable fertilisation standards can be seen as a concentration permit trading (CPT) system which can be fine-tuned for further policy intervention. Indeed fertilisation standards such as obliged by the EU Nitrate Directive can be regarded as local nitrate emissions limits, and thus concentration permits. A multi-agent spatial allocation model is used to simulate the impact of defining the manure problem in terms of concentration permits rather than conventional emission permits. Impacts are simulated in terms of environmental performance and increased reallocation costs. The model is applied on the Flemish manure problem.

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Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union

Cited by 253 publications

References 34 publications

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Manipulation of dietary methionine+cysteine and threonine in broilers significantly decreases environmental nitrogen excretion

Markets of concentration permits: The case of manure policy

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