Nutrient intakes as predictors of body weight in European people with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are also found among persons with type 1 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The present study examined which nutrients predict the body mass index (BMI), the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference (WC) of European persons with type 1 diabetes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, clinic-based study (EURODIAB Complications Study). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nutrient intakes (assessed by a 3-day dietary record) predicting measures of body weight (BMI, WHR and WC) were determined by stepwise forward regression analysis in 1458 males and 1410 females with type 1 diabetes (P 0.05 for inclusion). RESULTS: In men, a higher carbohydrate intake was a significant independent predictor for lower levels of BMI, WHR and WC, an increased saturated fat intake and a lower intake of cereal fibre predicted a higher WHR, a higher monounsaturated fat intake and a lower glycaemic index of the diet determined lower levels of WHR and WC, and a moderate consumption of alcohol determined an increased WC. In women, a higher carbohydrate intake predicted a lower BMI and a thinner WC, no alcohol consumption determined a lower BMI, and an increased intake of saturated fat and a lower consumption of cereal fibre were significant independent predictors for a higher WHR. CONCLUSIONS: A modified fat intake, an increase of carbohydrate and cereal fibre intake and a preferred consumption of low glycaemic index foods are independently related to lower measures of body weight in European persons with type 1 diabetes.

Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

“…Our dietary GI and GL values (65 and 147), consistent with those in a previous Japanese study (64 and 150) (Amano et al, 2004), were higher when compared with those in Western countries (49-58 and 81-145) (Salmeron et al, 1997a, b;Toeller et al, 2001;Heilbronn et al, 2002;JimenezCruz et al, 2003;Rizkalla et al, 2004;Scholl et al, 2004;Schulze et al, 2004Schulze et al, , 2005Ma et al, 2005;Sahyoun et al, 2005). This may primarily result from the differences in the major food contributors, whereas dietary GI and GL in Western populations were determined by a variety of foods (potatoes (7-8%), breakfast cereals (4-7%), bread (5%) and rice (5%)) (Liu et al, 2000(Liu et al, , 2002Jonas et al, 2003), the contribution of white rice (GI ¼ 77) was dominant in the present study (46%).…”

“…Independent positive association between dietary GI and/ or GL and a measure of obesity has been reported in several (Toeller et al, 2001;Ma et al, 2005;Sahyoun et al, 2005;Murakami et al, 2006b), although not all (Amano et al, 2004;Liese et al, 2005), observational studies. In contrast, intake of dietary fiber (unavailable carbohydrate) has been shown to be independently negatively associated with a measure of obesity in several (Appleby et al, 1998;Ludwig et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2003;Sasaki et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2003;Howarth et al, 2005;Liese et al, 2005), but not all (Stookey, 2001), observational studies.…”

“…In contrast, intake of dietary fiber (unavailable carbohydrate) has been shown to be independently negatively associated with a measure of obesity in several (Appleby et al, 1998;Ludwig et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2003;Sasaki et al, 2003;Spencer et al, 2003;Howarth et al, 2005;Liese et al, 2005), but not all (Stookey, 2001), observational studies. Although high dietary fiber intake is often correlated with low dietary GI and/or GL (Howarth et al, 2001;Bouche et al, 2002;Scholl et al, 2004;Schulze et al, 2004;Sloth et al, 2004;Schulz et al, 2005), few observational studies have examined these dietary factors simultaneously in relation to a measure of obesity, especially in non-Western populations (Toeller et al, 2001;Amano et al, 2004;Sahyoun et al, 2005). Clearly, additional studies are needed on the effects of these dietary factors on the development of obesity.…”

Dyspeptic symptoms in patients with type 1 diabetes: endoscopic findings, Helicobacter pylori infection, and associations with metabolic control, mood disorders and nutritional factors

“…The evaluation of data on BMI in the studied group evidences a high percentage of overweight patients, confirming recent studies on DM1 (34,35). However, the values for nutritional parameters in dyspeptic patients were reduced compared with those observed in patients without dyspepsia, suggesting that digestive symptoms may influence the nutritional status of DM1 patients.…”

Muesli with 4 g oat β-glucans lowers glucose and insulin responses after a bread meal in healthy subjects

“…Various studies have demonstrated positive acute effect of low-GI food, for example, increased satiety in healthy subjects (Granfeldt et al, 1994;Liljeberg and Björck, 1998;Ö stman et al, 2005) and decreased voluntary food intake in obese subjects (Ludwig, 1999). Further medium-to long-term studies in obese subjects are at hand, for example, the findings that a low-GI diet reduced fasting insulin levels in parallel to a weight loss in obese women in a 12-week study (Slabber et al, 1994), or that the body weight of obese children decreased more after a low-GI diet compared to a standard reduced fat diet in a 15-month study (Spieth et al, 2000) In the EURODIAB Complications Study of nearly 3000 adults with type I diabetes, consumption of lower GI diet was found to be related to lower measures of intra-abdominal fat mass and total body fat (waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference) independently of carbohydrate, fat or fibre intake (Toeller et al, 2001). In the most recent WHO report, 'Diet nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases' (FAO/ WHO, 2003), the preventive potential of low-GI diets in relation to obesity and diabetes was graded as 'possible'.…”