Dietary fiber intake, dietary glycemic index and load, and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of 3931 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

Abstract

Objective: Few observational studies have investigated dietary fiber intake and dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) simultaneously in relation to obesity, particularly in non-Western populations. We examined the associations between dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL, and body mass index (BMI) in young Japanese women. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 3931 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18-20 years from 53 institutions in Japan. Methods: Dietary fiber intake and dietary GI and GL (GI for glucose ¼ 100) were assessed by a validated, self-administered, diet history questionnaire. BMI was calculated from self-reported body weight and height. Results: Mean values of BMI, dietary fiber intake, dietary GI and dietary GL were 21.0 kg/m 2 , 6.5 g/4186 kJ, 65.1 and 82.1/ 4186 kJ, respectively. White rice (GI ¼ 77) was the major contributor to dietary GI and GL (45.8%). After controlling for potential dietary and nondietary confounding factors, dietary fiber intake was negatively correlated with BMI (adjusted mean ¼ 21.1 kg/m 2 in the lowest and 20.7 kg/m 2 in the highest quintiles; P for trend ¼ 0.0007). Conversely, dietary GI and GL were independently positively correlated with BMI (20.8 and 21.2 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.03, and 20.5 and 21.5 kg/m 2 ; P for trend ¼ 0.0005, respectively). Conclusions: Dietary fiber intake showed an independent negative association with BMI, and dietary GI and GL showed an independent positive association with BMI among relatively lean young Japanese women.

Dietary fibre intake is inversely associated with carotid intima-media thickness: a cross-sectional assessment in the PREDIMED study

“…Fibre may contribute to prevent weight gain, and consequently to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis. In fact, some studies assessing BMI instead of IMT as the main outcome have found inverse relationships, as we did between BMI and DF intake (Ludwig et al, 1999;Liu et al, 2003;Lairon et al, 2005;Bes-Rastrollo et al, 2006;Murakami et al, 2007). However, others did not find this association (Pietinen et al, 1996;Wu et al, 2003).…”

Three major dietary patterns are all independently related to the risk of obesity among 3760 Japanese women aged 18–20 years

“…Actually, there was positive association of dietary GI and GL with BMI in the same data set of young Japanese women. 28 Additionally, we previously reported a significant positive association between dietary GI and BMI (P for trend ¼ 0.001) among Japanese women aged 20-78 years. 26 Lin et al 29 also found a positive relation between rice dietary pattern and waist circumference and BMI among Hispanic elders.…”

Energy-restricted diets based on a distinct food selection affecting the glycemic index induce different weight loss and oxidative response

“…Thus, legume and cereal components such as soluble fiber, low-GI carbohydrates, proteins and other bioactive substances can potentially improve weight loss by means of favourable effects on energy regulation (26). In fact, there are several studies indicating that increased legume consumption is inversely related with the body mass index (27,28).…”