Nutrient intake of working women in Bangkok, Thailand, as studied by total food duplicate method

Abstract

Objectives: To establish a general view of food habits in Thailand, and to make a quantitative assessment of rice dependency of Thai people. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Community. Subjects: 52 non-smoking and non-habitually drinking adult women in Bangkok participated in the study. Methods: The participants offered 24 h food duplicates and peripheral blood samples, and underwent clinical examination including anthropometry. The duplicates were subjected to nutritional evaluation taking advantage of the Thai food composition tables (FCTs), and analyzed for eight nutrient elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: The participants took 1630 kcal from 55 g protein (63% from animal sources), 57 g lipid (mostly from vegetable oil), and 224 g carbohydrate (60% from rice) daily. Nutrient intake at lunch was as large as that at dinner. About a half of the women had insuf®cient energy intake (ie`80% RDA) whereas 4% had an excess ( b 120%). Protein intake was suf®cient in most cases, whereas lipid intake was in excess in more than a half of the women. Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn and possibly P intakes were below the RDA values in many participants. FCT-based estimates agreed well with the ICP-MS measures in cases of Fe and Ca but tended to be greater than the measures by 50% with regard to P. Conclusions: Lunch as substantial as dinner for Thai urbanites. There was a marked dependency on rice as an energy source. Whereas protein intake is generally suf®cient, the intake of Ca (and to a lesser extent Fe) was insuf®cient in a majority of the study participants. Sponsorship: Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance, Japan; the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the government of Japan.

Gender Difference in Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Left Coronary Arteries of Thais

“…Matsuda-Inoguchi et al [36] investigated the nutrient intakes of working women in Bangkok by the total food duplicate method and reported that although about half of the women had insufficient energy intakes, lipid intakes such as vegetable oil, butter, and lard were in excess in more than half of the women. Yoshimoto et al [37] studied the association between socioeconomic changes and health status among 140 middle-aged subjects residing in an urban area of Chiang Mai province and reported that women had significantly higher values of body fat percent and HDL cholesterol and that men had significantly higher values of triglyceride and arteriosclerosis index.…”

Intakes of Calcium and Other Nutrients Related to Bone Health in Japanese Female College Students: A Study Using the Duplicate Portion Sampling Method

“…Investigators have reported mean Ca intakes of pre-menopausal adult women in Asian countries, such as Taiwan, Korea, and Thailand, to be 392-648 mg/day Shimbo et al 1997;Matsuda-Inoguchi et al 2000). However, there have been a relatively few reports on Ca intake in young Asian women.…”

Atomic spectrometry update. Clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages

“…Total dietary intakes for adult reference groups were reporteds for Br and I in the UK, 316 Cd and Si in Belgium, 125,317 Cd and Pb in south-east Asia and Japan, 127,318 I and Sr in Germany, 319,320 Mn in India 321 and for eight elements measured in foods in Thailand. 322 Again using duplicate diet analysis, the intake of Cd by women in Japan was found to have fallen by 32% between 1981 and 1997 although it is still high compared with other countries. 129 Rice was seen to be the major source of the Cd.…”