Gender Difference in Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Left Coronary Arteries of Thais

Tohno, Yoshiyuki; Tohno, Setsuko; Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk; Minami, Takeshi; Sinthubua, Apichat; Suwannahoy, Patipath; Ongkana, Nutcharin; Laowatthanaphong, Sikrai; Azuma, Cho

doi:10.1007/s12011-011-9016-y

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Calcium and phosphate imbalance has been linked to several disorders such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and mortality (1,2,3,4). Some of these conditions display marked sex-specific incidences (3,5,6), which might be related to sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis

Koek

Campos‐Obando

Eerden

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Background: Sex differences in calcium and phosphate have been observed. We aimed to assess a relation with age. Methods: We used laboratory values of serum calcium, phosphate and albumin from three different samples (years 2005, 2010 and 2014) using the hospital information system of Erasmus MC, Rotterdam. The samples were divided into 3 age groups: 1-17, 18-44 and ≥45 years. Sex differences in calcium and phosphate were analyzed using ANCOVA, adjusting for age and serum albumin. Furthermore, sex by age interactions were determined and we analyzed differences between age groups stratified by sex Results: In all 3 samples there was a significant sex*age interaction for serum calcium and phosphate, whose levels were significantly higher in women compared to men above 45 years. No sex differences in the younger age groups were found. In men, serum calcium and phosphate levels were highest in the youngest age group compared to age groups 18-44 and ≥45 years. In women, serum calcium levels were also significantly higher in the age group 1-17 and the age group ≥45 years compared to the 18-44 years age group. In women, serum phosphate was different between the three different age groups with highest level in the group 1-17 years and lowest in the group 18-44 years. Conclusion: There are age dependent sex differences in serum calcium and phosphate. Furthermore, we found differences in serum calcium and phosphate between different age groups. Underlying mechanisms for these age- and sex differences are not yet fully elucidated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis

Koek

Campos‐Obando

Eerden

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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“…Despite the relatively small sex differences in serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, our findings may improve our understanding of the underlying pathways for these sex differences. Moreover, our results may be relevant in light of the increasing number of studies showing that serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate in the general populations are related to multiple diseases and mortality 5 , 6 , 12 , 13 . Correcting for albumin in various ways in RS-I-1 has not influenced our findings of sex-based differences in total serum calcium concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Some of these disorders display marked sex-specific incidences: the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has been found to be lower in women compared to men 5 , 11 . Moreover, Tohno et al found sex differences in the accumulation of calcium and phosphate in coronary arteries 12 . Thus, it is possible that sex differences in the incidence of these disorders might be related to calcium and phosphate homeostasis and that the underlying mechanisms may have clinical consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphisms in serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the Rotterdam Study

Bosman

Koek

Campos‐Obando

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Sex differences in serum phosphate and calcium have been reported but the exact nature and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to compare calcium and phosphate concentrations between sexes, and explore potential covariates to elucidate underlying mechanisms of sex differences in a prospective, population-based cohort study. Pooled data of subjects > 45 years from three independent cohorts of the Rotterdam Study (RS) were used: RS-I-3 (n = 3623), RS-II-1 (n = 2394), RS-III-1 (n = 3241), with separate analyses from an additional time point of the first cohort RS-I-1 (n = 2688). Compared to men, women had significantly higher total serum calcium and phosphate concentrations which was not explained by BMI, kidney function nor smoking. Adjustment for serum estradiol diminished sex differences in serum calcium while adjustment for serum testosterone diminished sex differences in serum phosphate. Adjustment for vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase did not change the association between sex and calcium or phosphate in RS-I-1. In the sex-combined group, both serum calcium and phosphate decreased with age with a significant interaction for sex differences for serum calcium but not phosphate. In sex-stratified analyses, serum estradiol but not testosterone was inversely associated with serum calcium in both sexes. Serum estradiol was inversely associated with serum phosphate in both sexes to a similar degree, while serum testosterone was inversely associated with serum phosphate in both sexes with an apparent stronger effect in men than in women. Premenopausal women had lower serum phosphate compared to postmenopausal women. Serum testosterone was inversely associated with serum phosphate in postmenopausal women only. In conclusion, women > 45 years have higher serum calcium and phosphate concentrations compared to men of similar age, not explained by vitamin D or alkaline phosphatase concentrations. Serum estradiol but not testosterone was inversely associated with serum calcium while serum testosterone was inversely associated with serum phosphate in both sexes. Serum testosterone may in part explain sex differences in serum phosphate while estradiol could partly explain sex differences in serum calcium.

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“…This finding revealed that the accumulation of Ca and P did not spread from the ascending aorta, aortic valve, or mitral valve to the LC artery. The authors [5] investigated whether there were gender differences in element contents of the LC artery in middle and old ages and found that there were significant gender differences in the accumulation of Ca and P in the LC artery of Thai. The authors [6] also investigated whether age-related changes of elements were different between different sites of the coronary arteries and found that a higher accumulation of Ca and P occurred in the proximal sites of both the LC and the RC arteries compared with the distal sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Coronary Arteries of Thai Subjects

Tohno

Mahakkanukrauh

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To clarify the manner of accumulation of Ca and P in the coronary arteries, the authors divided the coronary arteries into many segments based on arterial ramification and investigated the element contents of the segments by direct chemical analysis. After ordinary dissection at Chiang Mai University was finished, the left coronary (LC) and the right coronary (RC) arteries were removed successively from the hearts of Thai subjects. The Thai subjects consisted of seven men and five women, ranging in age from 42 to 87 years (average age = 73.9 ± 13.5 years). The LC and the RC arteries were divided into 19 segments based on arterial ramification. After incineration with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents of the segments were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. In two cases, a significant content of Ca and P was contained only in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (type I). In four cases, a significant content of Ca and P was contained in both the LAD and the RC arteries (type II). In five cases, a significant content of Ca and P was contained in all the LAD, the RC, and the circumflex (CF) arteries (type III). In the other one case, no significant content of Ca and P was contained in the coronary arteries. The manner of accumulation of Ca and P in the coronary arteries was classified into the three types, I, II, and III. Regarding the average content of elements in 12 cases, the average content of Ca was the highest in the segment of the LAD artery ramifying the first left diagonal artery and was higher in the proximal and distal adjacent segments of the LAD artery ramifying the first left diagonal artery, the proximal segment of the RC artery, and the proximal segment of the CF artery. To examine an effect of arterial ramification on accumulation of Ca and P, the differences in the Ca and P content between artery-ramifying and non-ramified proximal or distal segments of the coronary arteries were analyzed with Student's t test. It was found that there were no significant differences in the Ca and P content between the artery-ramifying and non-ramified proximal or distal segments of the coronary arteries.

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Gender Difference in Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Left Coronary Arteries of Thais

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Age-dependent sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis

Age-dependent sex differences in calcium and phosphate homeostasis

Sexual dimorphisms in serum calcium and phosphate concentrations in the Rotterdam Study

Accumulation of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Coronary Arteries of Thai Subjects

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