Nutlet structures of subsection Fragiles of the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and their systematic applications

Abstract

This paper includes the morphological and anatomical characters of the nutlets of 7 endemic species of the subsection Fragiles of the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and the systematic significance of these characteristics, using one-way analysis of variance and cluster and principal component analyses. Morphological characters such as the dimensions, shapes, colors, and surfaces of the nutlets were studied using light and scanning electron microscopes. The structures and thicknesses of the pericarp and endosperm layers, as well as the sizes of the cotyledon in the nutlets, were anatomically studied. The outcomes revealed that the taxa vary from each other in terms of nutlet shape and color. The nutlet dimensions range from 1.31 mm to 3.49 mm in length and from 0.84 mm to 1.95 mm in width. While Stachys longiflora and S. pseudopinardii have the largest nutlets, S. chasmosericea has the smallest. The nutlet surface ornamentation was recorded as 5 types: reticulate, scalariform, reticulate-foveate, ruminate, and rugose. The most common type is reticulate; however, the other ornamentation types are specific for the studied taxa. Anatomically, the structure and thickness of the pericarp parts and the endosperm and the size of the cotyledon are very important characteristics that disclose interspecific relations within the studied taxa. A key is presented for the identification of the examined taxa based on the nutlet properties.

Seed Morphological and Anatomical Structures as Taxonomy Tool for Turkish Hyacinthella Schur (Asparagaceae) Taxa

“…4). The characters in statistical analysis were utilized seed colour: black (1), brown (2); seed shape: triangularis (3), circularis (4), ellipticus (5), ovatus (6), ellipticus-late (7); seed size: length (8), width (9), length/width (10); seed ornamentation type: rugose (11), reticulate-pusticulate (12), verrucate (13), tuberculate (14), ruminate (15), reticulate-foveate (16), alveolate (17); anticlinal cell wall: unclear (18), at (19), raised (20), sunken (21); periclinal cell wall: unclear (22), concave (23), convex (24); epidermal cell structure: unclear (25), polygonal (26), alveolar (27); anatomical structure of epidermis: crushed (28), at (29), polygonal (30); presence of subepidermis layer (31); anatomical structure of subepidermis: at (32), polygonal (33); testa thickness (34); cotyledon size: length (35), width (36); embryo shapes: elongated (37), ellipticus (38), ovatus (39), circularis (40); embryo size: length (41), width (42). The dissimilarity matrix of the examined species was formed with MVSP (Kovach 2007) (Table 4).…”

Taxonomic significance of morphological and elemental characteristics of achenes of Artemisia genus from Turkey

“…T A B L E 5 The dissimilarity matrix of the examined Artemisia taxa (see Table 1 for taxon abbreviation). Güner, 2019;Karcz et al, 2005;Kaya et al, 2011;Khafagi et al, 2018;Özcan, 2004). Also, the significance and usefulness of SEM in solving taxonomic problems and in describing taxa have been emphasized by many researchers (Ero glu et al, 2022;Heywood, 1971;.…”

A phylogenetic analysis and biogeographical distribution of Teucrium Sect. Teucrium (Lamiaceae) and taxonomic notes for a new species from southwest Turkey

“…Also, morphological and indumentum characters were used to describe the new species. As used in many genera of Lamiaceae, the trichome morphology is very useful for the classification of all taxonomic levels (Marin et al, 1994;Navarro and El Oualidi, 2000;Grubesic et al, 2007;Moon et al, 2009;Salmaki et al, 2009;Eshratifar et al, 2011;Dinç et al, 2011aDinç et al, , 2011bDoğu et al, 2013;Ecevit Genç et al, 2015, 2017Marzouk et al, 2016;Karaismailoğlu and Güner, 2019). T. semrae was included in the Clade 9-c ( Figure 10, 9-b in Figure 11) and its leaves and bracts are mostly 3-partite.…”