Nursing approaches for pain diagnosis and classification of outcomes

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nurses, as members of the health team, have to play their role to control pain, and are accountable for diagnostic evaluation, intervention and monitoring of treatment outcomes. This study aimed at identifying nursing students' approaches on interventions as from pain nursing diagnosis, according to taxonomy II of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association and the association of nursing outcomes regarding interventions. METHODS: This is a transversal and quantitative study using as tool a clinical case. Studied sample was made up of 60 nursing students in the last graduation period. The research was carried out in two Public Universities, both in the state of Pernambuco. RESULTS: From the evaluated sample, most students (69%) have not presented interventions for the clinical case. From 31% presenting interventions, only 58% have presented expected outcomes, according to Nursing Outcomes Classification based on planned interventions. It is worth stressing the large number of students (42%) who have not performed the Nursing Outcomes Classification. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this research, it is necessary a reflection about painful patients' evaluation, as well as about nursing approaches needed to solve or minimize such problem. One should add to this research the lack of qualification of future professionals and the need to change posture with regard to technical-scientific knowledge required by the profession.

Linkages of Nursing Diagnoses, Outcomes, and Interventions Performed by Nurses Caring for Medical and Surgical Patients Using a Decision Support System

“…This finding reflects the principles that guide pain management on these units, which includes nursing evaluation, and control and implementation of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Other authors found similar results regarding the linkages to this nursing diagnosis (Barros & Albuquerque, 2014). The outcomes Pain Control (1605) and Pain Level (2102) are proposed in the NNN linkage book .…”

Intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com dor aguda

“…In the case of children, it can be seen that the psychological and contextual aspects expressed in a pain situation are the main factors of their difficulty in understanding the origin of the pain and its intensity. 19 It is noteworthy that for children, the experience of pain is influenced by external and internal factors. 20 It is generally found that the more tense, anxious and fearful the child is, the more intense the painful sensation becomes.…”

“…The "changes in expressive behavior" in adjuvant signs to confirm the diagnosis of Nursing "acute pain" in older children. 19 It is understood, starting from this premise, that physiological indicators are aspects that may also help in the identification of pain in children, such as salivary cortisol, change in heart rate and respiratory rate (change in oxygen saturation). 19 It is explained, however, that these are considered as complementary measures for the identification of pain in children.…”

“…19 It is understood, starting from this premise, that physiological indicators are aspects that may also help in the identification of pain in children, such as salivary cortisol, change in heart rate and respiratory rate (change in oxygen saturation). 19 It is explained, however, that these are considered as complementary measures for the identification of pain in children. 16 Thus, it is observed that the physiological indicators are extremely sensitive to changes in any situations in which the child is exposed, example, the change in the environment.…”

“…In this sense, the lack of Nursing records may indicate a fragility of the service, contributing to the risk of failure to continue the implementation of accurate interventions. 19 It is also worth noting that documenting the presence of this symptom, through the identification of the "acute pain" ND and of the interventions provided, is a way of guaranteeing continuity of treatment and may help to reduce costs for hospital institutions, a since this symptom may contribute to clinical complications that increase hospital financial costs. 21 Six nursing interventions performed by the Nursing team and not registered in the Nursing notes were identified and validated, in addition to 12 new Nursing interventions.…”