P erioperative nursing practice is heavily influenced by advances in technology. "The development of OR nursing has been, and still is, inextricably linked to the development of technology." 1(p3) From the inception of perioperative nursing as a specialty in 1889, 2 which led to the manufacture of the first rubber surgical gloves, 3 to the present, which includes surgical robots, navigational systems, and three-dimensional organ printing, expertise in technology has been a critical aspect of the perioperative nurse's role. Given the precipitous rate of technology advancement, maintaining this expertise is no easy task.Recently, I visited an equipment vendor headquarters and was exposed to some of the contemporary technology. This included full automation of everyday workspaces, robots that perform specialized tasks, and virtual reality headsets to allow full immersion into a hospital environment. It was a reminder of how much has changed since I entered perioperative nursing and the speed with which those advances are occurring. It raises the question that if this is the current technology, what will be coming in the next 10 years? According to Harold Thimbleby, "Technology drives healthcare more than any other force, and in the future it will continue to develop in dramatic ways." 4(pe28) Although technologic advances are aimed at making health care more efficient, affordable, and safe, we must not lose sight of the fact that there also exists the potential for unintended consequences. As perioperative nurses, we must stay abreast of those advances and update our practice to reflect the benefits of those changes.
TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGESThe literature rightfully suggests that, as perioperative nurses, we should remain focused not solely on the technology, but also on the interactions between people and the devices they use. 4,5 Consistent integration of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) principles with advancements in technology could potentially reduce the number of device-related medical errors that occur each year. The area of HFE consists of three domains: physical ergonomics, which identifies physical limitations and strengths; cognitive ergonomics, which considers the cognitive limitations and abilities of users in the system; and macroergonomics, which focuses on the overall work system inclusive of such aspects as teamwork and safety culture. 5 Thimbleby points out that it is typically the complex features that make new technology attractive, 4 and this leaves the user to manage the human factors associated with its use.There is a risk that if "a new technology is not found to be easy to use or useful, nurses adapt by developing workarounds, or by using the technology ineffectively or inefficiently, at the expense of quality of care." 6(p203) This can happen when the designers of new technology are unfamiliar with nursing workflow and there is no opportunity for nurses to provide input on design or feedback on use of a device. Systems are often rapidly upgraded, and without consideration of those workaroun...