Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves

Zhao, Enjin; Qu, Kun; Mu, Lin; Kraatz, Simon; Shi, Bing

doi:10.3390/w11020221

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…where H is the wave height; k is the effective number; x o is the wave peak location at initial time t; C is the wave speed. Depending on N-waves theory, the tsunami-like wave is numerically generated using a combination of three solitary sech 2 ( * ) wave profiles [16]- [21]. And the combination wave can be expressed as…”

Section: B Wave Generation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

et al. 2019

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Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) is the converge end or termination of submarine pipelines, which is used to provide additional support for equipment in the submarine production system on the seafloor. However, PLEM is vulnerable to extreme waves (i.e., tsunami waves). In this study, a two-phase flow model is developed with the finite volume method for simulating the tsunami-like wave impinging on the PLEM. Depending on the real-world tsunami wave recorded in 2011 tsunami event, a tsunami-like wave is generated numerically depending on N-waves theory. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculation, this model is verified against some theoretical and experimental studies firstly. Then, the hydrodynamic characteristics and forces on the PLEMs under the different tsunami-like waves are investigated systematically. Due to the flow causes strong disturbance to different parts of the PLEMs, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is adopted to analyze the irregular hydrodynamic force signals for better to understand the characteristics of forces in the frequency domain. In the simulations, different environmental and PLEM structural variables are considered, such as wave height, pipe distance, and PLEM bottom seat length. The hydrodynamic characteristics under different tsunami-like waves passing the various submarine PLEMs are discussed, which indicates that the vortex field evolutions and hydrodynamic forces under different waves on the PLEM are significantly different.INDEX TERMS Tsunami-like wave, submarine pipeline end manifold (PLEM), hydrodynamic forces, flow field, vortex.

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Section: B Wave Generation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

et al. 2019

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“…In this model, the renormalization-group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model was implemented as the turbulence closure, which has been successfully employed to investigate the turbulence field around the structure and the whole computational domain under the interaction between structure and water [29,30]. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to capture the interface between the air and water [31][32][33], and the pressure and velocity was coupled by the generalized minimal residual methods (GMRES) pressure-velocity solvers. In the free surface flow, the mass and momentum conservation equations in the flow can be expressed as…”

Section: Hydrodynamic and Turbulence Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on Generation and Propagation Characteristics of Offshore Tsunami Wave under Landslide

et al. 2020

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Tsunamis induced by the landslide will divide into a traveling wave component propagating along the coastline and an offshore wave component propagating perpendicular to the coastline. The offshore tsunami wave has the non-negligible energy and destruction in enclosed basins as fjords, reservoirs, and lakes, which are worth studying. The initial submergence condition, the falling height and sliding angle of slider, are important reference indexes of damage degree of landslide and may also matter at that of the landslide-induced tsunami. Depending on the fully coupled model, the effects of them on the production and propagation of the tsunami were considered in the study. Since the slider used was semi-elliptic, the effect of the ratio of the long axis to the short axis was also analyzed. According to the computational fluid dynamics theory, a numerical wave tank was developed by the immersed boundary (IB) method; besides, the general moving-object module of slide mass was also embedded to the numerical tanker. The results indicate that the effects of the squeezing and pushing of the slider on water produce a naturally attenuated wave at the front of the wave train, and the attenuation becomes more serious with the increase in the initial submersion range of the slider. The effects of the vertical movement of the slider cause the increase in the amplitude of the back of the wave train. As the falling height increases, the large wave height increases when the slider is initially submerged and decreases when it is not initially submerged, except for the accidental elevation of that at smaller falling heights. The results also indicate that the hazard of the subaerial landslide-induced tsunami is greater under a small or large falling angle, and that of the partial subaerial and submarine landslide-induced tsunami is greater under a small falling angle. With the increase in the ratio of the long axis to the short axis, the total induced wave energy decreases and the shape of the wave train proportionally reduces, while the wave propagation mode does not change.

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“…The effects of gap-to-diameter ratios were investigated in this study. Zhao et al [22] presented a two-dimensional numerical study on the hydrodynamics of submarine pipelines. The effects of wave height, water depth, and pipeline diameter on the hydrodynamic characteristics of submarine pipelines were investigated by using a real-world tsunami wave and a solitary wave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation on the Collision between a Solitary Wave and a Moving Cylinder

Eren

Malazi

Temir

2020

Water

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A 2-D numerical wave tank (NWT) was applied for solving the interaction between a solitary wave and a moving circular cylinder. The cylinder was placed at various positions from the tank bed floor. The cylinder can move at a constant horizontal velocity towards the solitary wave. The collision between a solitary wave and a moving cylinder is investigated at various conditions. A total of fifteen cases were studied. Ten different numerical simulations were used, including five submergence depths and two different moving velocities. The other five different numerical simulations were studied when the cylinder was unmoved in the NWT for comparing wave-structure interaction results between the moving and unmoved cylinders. The numerical results were obtained by calculating Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the volume of fluid (VOF) equations. Two different codes (User-Define-Function-UDF) were used for the generation of a solitary wave by moving a wave paddle and traveling cylinder in the NWT. The dynamic mesh method was applied for recreating mesh. First, the ability of CFD codes to generate a solitary wave by using wave paddle movement and the hydrodynamic forces of a moving cylinder were validated by numerical results. Further, the free-surface elevation and hydrodynamic forces were considered at various conditions. The numerical results show that moving cylinder velocity and the space between the cylinder and the tank bed floor have significant effects on surface displacement and hydrodynamic forces.

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Numerical Study on the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Submarine Pipelines under the Impact of Real-World Tsunami-Like Waves

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamics Around Submarine Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM) Under Tsunami-Like Wave

Numerical Investigation on Generation and Propagation Characteristics of Offshore Tsunami Wave under Landslide

Numerical Investigation on the Collision between a Solitary Wave and a Moving Cylinder

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