Numerical Study of Evaporation and Motion Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Droplet in High-Speed Gas Flow

Ruan, Yixiao; Chen, L.; Liu, X.; Chen, S.; Hou, Yu

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012130

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The analysis of vaporization of the emissions of the alkanes and LNG into the atmosphere also included the calculations of the time t of full evaporation and 50% evaporation of the weight of the cryogenic drops on their diameter d = 10−5000t µ at the air temperature of T = 112−293 K. The values t have been calculated based on the experimentally proved model of convective energy exchange between the cryogenic drop and the surrounding vapor-gas medium during its fall in air at the temperature from 112 to 293 K at the Reynolds numbers Re = dρV S /η ≈ 0.1−10 5 , where V Sthe drop sedimentation rate [10,19,20]. The drop evaporation process is non-stationary and proceeds in a liquid boiling mode with the constant temperature to its vaporization.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-stationary convective mass transfer in the gas phase in evaporation is correlated to loss of stability of the diffusion mode at the initial phase of drop motion. The drop sedimentation rate has been determined by the known dependences at Re < 1 (the Stokes law) in the transient mode (1 < Re < 10 3 ) and in the applicability region of the Newton's law (10 3 < Re < 10 5 ) [17][18][19][20]. As a result, for the boiling drop, we have obtained the dependence of the change of d on t taking into account the liquid evaporation heat at Re < 10 5 .…”

Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In doing so, neither drop deformation, nor radiative heat exchange was taken into account. Note that using the classical diffusion evaporation theory of Maxwell-Langmuir as well as Knudsen and Hertz for the boiling drops immobile in relation to the vaporgas medium [17][18][19][20] is not correct, as their temperatures are substantially different, and the drops themselves sediment.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-speed low-temperature gas analyzer for pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere based on immersion diode optocouplers

et al. 2022

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A low-temperature infrared optical gas analyzer based on immersion diode optocouplers with a speed of less than 0.03 s has been developed to detect pulsed emissions into the atmosphere of explosive mixtures of liquefied natural gas and alkanes with air at a temperature of more than 150 K with the transfer of digitized data to a remote server. The design is described and its characteristics are given in the process of analyzing mixtures of air with pure methane, ethane, propane and LNG of various compositions. It is shown that the speed and operating temperature range of the gas analyzer exceed the parameters of foreign and domestic analogues for monitoring man-made LNG emissions into the atmosphere. Keywords: alkanes, speed, infrared optical gas analyzer, pulse emissions, immersion diode optocouplers, liquefied natural gas.

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Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussion Thereofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-speed low-temperature gas analyzer for pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere based on immersion diode optocouplers

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the computational domain used for simulation included only some millimeters of the drop's falling, figure 4(b). The results obtained in [31] show that the temperature of the gaseous medium has a dominant effect on the rate of droplet evaporation during its movement. Therefore, as example, the value of 𝑃 evap will be much larger during the refilling of the hybrid cooling device by gaseous nitrogen at ambient temperature from external cylinders [6][7][8].…”

Section: Jinst 18 P05002mentioning

confidence: 92%

Numerical simulation of the nitrogen boil-off recondensation in hybrid cooling devices for HPGe detectors

Malgin

Venčels²

2023

J. Inst.

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This paper describes the results of a complex simulation of nitrogen boil-off recondensation in a hybrid cooling device for High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. The OpenFOAM platform-based software was used. The proposed finite-volume axisymmetric 2D model combines cooling processes occurring in the considered three-phase medium, including a liquefier condenser (solid), nitrogen boil-off (gas) and the resulting condensate (liquid). At the beginning of the simulation condenser and gas temperatures are set above the condensation point while the end time is set such that the system reaches a quasi-steady state. For conical and hemispherical condensers, the energy consumption for the following processes occurring in the operating mode such as: condenser cooling; cooling of adjacent boil-off nitrogen vapors; their condensation; the gravity-driven flowing; condensate film subcooling and subsequent partial re-evaporation from its surface are compared. The visualizations of the temperature field of the finite-volume model and the velocity vectors of nitrogen vapors adjacent to the condenser are presented. The calculated integral mass recondensation rates were confirmed experimentally on a commercial hybrid cooling device, taking into account the actual equivalent characteristics of the liquefier on the Stirling cryocooler used.

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“…Lorenzini et al [23] numerically simulated the evaporation process of a single droplet in air using STAR-CCM and version 5.04.012 software, and the simulation results showed that the initial droplet diameter was inversely proportional to the mass evaporation of the droplet. Y. Ruan et al [24] used a numerical simulation to study the evaporation process of liquid nitrogen droplets in a high-velocity gas stream. The numerical results show that droplets of different diameters accelerate the evaporation process with increasing gas flow rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of the Effect of the Initial Droplet Diameter on the Evaporation Characteristics of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine Droplets in a Subcritical Environment

Wu,

Nie,

Yang

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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The evaporation characteristics of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine droplets with different initial diameters in a subcritical environment were experimentally investigated with the temperature–pressure separation technique. The evaporation processes of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine droplets with different initial diameters in this environment have the same general pattern. All the studied droplets exhibit a short transient heating phase and a steady-state evaporation phase obeying d2. Notably, the expansion of the transient heating phase gradually increases with increasing ambient pressure. The change in diameter squared ∆d2max increases from 1.03% at 1 MPa to 12.48% at 5 MPa. Under subcritical conditions, the evaporation rate decreases linearly with decreasing droplet diameter, and the droplet evaporation lifetime increases linearly. Changes in the initial droplet diameter may still have a large effect on droplets smaller than those studied here. When the ambient pressure is not greater than 3 MPa, the change in the steady-state evaporation time for both medium- and large-diameter droplets accounts for more than 70% of the variation in the droplet evaporation lifetime. As the ambient pressure increases to 4 MPa and 5 MPa, the percentage of the change in the transient heating time contributing to the variation in the droplet evaporation lifetime gradually increases to more than 45%.

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Numerical Study of Evaporation and Motion Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Droplet in High-Speed Gas Flow

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

High-speed low-temperature gas analyzer for pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere based on immersion diode optocouplers

High-speed low-temperature gas analyzer for pulsed emissions of liquefied natural gas into the atmosphere based on immersion diode optocouplers

Numerical simulation of the nitrogen boil-off recondensation in hybrid cooling devices for HPGe detectors

Experimental Study of the Effect of the Initial Droplet Diameter on the Evaporation Characteristics of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine Droplets in a Subcritical Environment

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