Numerical studies of blood flow in healthy, stenosed, and stented carotid arteries

Abstract

SUMMARYNumerical analysis of pulsatile blood flow in healthy, stenosed, and stented carotid arteries is performed with the aim of identifying hemodynamic factors in the initiation, growth, and the potential of leading to severe occlusions of a diseased artery. The Immersed Finite Element Method is adopted for this study to conveniently incorporate various geometrical shapes of arteries without remeshing. Our computational results provide detailed quantitative analysis on the blood flow pattern, wall shear stress, particle residence time, and oscillatory shear index. The analysis of these parameters leads to a better understanding of blood clot formation and its localization in a stenosed and a stented carotid artery. A healthy artery is also studied to establish a baseline comparison. This analysis will assist in developing treatments for diseased arteries and novel stent designs to reduce restenosis.

Analysis of Wall Shear Parameters of Physiological Pulsatile Flow Through Mild and Severe Arterial Stenosis and Correlation to Atherosclerosis

“…The magnitude of peak RRT for severe stenosis is significantly higher than the same for mild stenosis. The peak relative residence time is located far away from the throat of stenosis in case of severe stenosis in comparison to mils stenosis as shown in Fig.9 and this result is same as the results obtained by Gay and Zhang, 2008. This peak RRT locates the regions with high OSI and low WSS.…”

“…The distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and the localization of disease, atherosclerosis, is the main interest of investigation in arterial flow studies. Gay and Zhang, 2008 have numerically studied the blood flow through stenosed artery and investigated WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT). Lee, Antiga & Steinman, 2009 have recommended the use of RRT as a strong parameter of low and oscillatory shear flow.…”

Novel Function of Tenascin-C, a Matrix Protein Relevant to Atherosclerosis, in Platelet Recruitment and Activation Under Flow

“…The shear conditions under which platelets interact with TN-C are of pathological relevance because 1000 s Ϫ1 represents the mean peak wall shear rate found in diseased carotid arteries presenting 78% stenosis. 19 Given that 60% stenosis is clinically rated as significant and 70% is rated as severe, 20 the TN-C exposed upon plaque erosion or rupture could participate in platelet recruitment. Moreover, even in the case of very severe stenosis (Ͼ90%), local regions of low shear (Ͻ1000 s Ϫ1 ) extend into the downstream expansion zone, 19 where TN-C could also participate in the first step of thrombus growth.…”

Large deforming buoyant embolus passing through a stenotic common carotid artery: A computational simulation

“…9 and 10) and based on what was reported previously on stenotic arteries (Gay and Zhang, 2009;Stroud et al, 2000Stroud et al, , 2002, large recirculation region occurs downstream of the stenosis. This is of clinical importance because cell residence time and plaque growth is related to the recirculation region (Cao and Rittgers, 1998;Karino and Goldsmith, 1977).…”