Large deforming buoyant embolus passing through a stenotic common carotid artery: A computational simulation

Rheological Behavior of Physiological Pulsatile Flow through a Model Arterial Stenosis with Moving Wall

“…Again, the critical rates of blood flow acceleration and deceleration at sites of artificially induced stenosis (vessel side-wall compression or ligation) are a function of tissue elasticity; this was found by Tovar-Lopez et al [14] when they investigated the relationship between the local hydrodynamic strain-rates and the severity of arteriolar stenosis in the small bowel mesenteric vessels of mice. Vahidi and Fatouraee [15] presented a computational model using fluid structure interactions (FSI) to investigate the physical motion of a blood clot inside the human common carotid artery. They simulated transportation of a buoyant embolus in an unsteady flow within a finite length tube having stenosis.…”

A three‐dimensional (3D) two‐way coupled fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) study of peristaltic flow in obstructed ureters

“…Previous studies also demonstrated a similar kind of behavior. 3,14,40 There was a slight increase in the calculated volume flow rate compared to 2D axisymmetric studies conducted previously, 24,25 including the previous works of the current authors, 33 even though the average flow rate was comparable. The mass flow rate reported in Figure 2 shows that backflow tendencies and mass flow rate values at inlet were similar to the work of Najafi et al 3 Due to the presence of the obstruction, there is a peak in the wall shear stress and pressure gradient values, which can potentially quantify the effect of renal calculi present in the ureter.…”

“…High shear stresses and pressure gradient values were observed near the location of the obstruction. Previous studies also demonstrated a similar kind of behavior . There was a slight increase in the calculated volume flow rate compared to 2D axisymmetric studies conducted previously, including the previous works of the current authors, even though the average flow rate was comparable.…”

Modeling thrombus formation and growth

“…Approaches that model blood as a continuum include solving advection diffusion reaction (ADR) equations (Bouchnita et al, 2017; Fogelson, ; Goodman et al, ; Hosseinzadegan and Tafti, ; Sorensen et al, ), the Leveque model (Bark and Ku, ), the Richardson's theory (Alenitsyn et al, ), Bark's correlation (Bark and Ku, ; Mehrabadi et al, ), diffusion with free‐escape boundary (DFEB) method (Mehrabadi et al, ), and finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) measure (Shadden and Hendabadi, ). Discrete and multiscale models include force coupling (Pivkin et al, ), coarse‐grained theory (Narsimhan et al, ), discrete element method (Chesnutt and Han, , ), DPD and hybrid DPD‐PDE (Filipovic et al, ; Tosenberger et al, ), FSI (Vahidi and Fatouraee, ), cellular Potts (Xu et al, , ), Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and hybrid Monte Carlo‐Lattice Boltzmann (Crowl and Fogelson, ; Flamm et al, ), immersed boundary method (IBM) and LBM‐IBM (Crowl and Fogelson, ; Fogelson and Guy, ; Fogelson et al, ), LDH‐based models (Sheriff et al, ; Soares et al, ), moving particle semi‐implicit (MPS) (Kamada et al, , ), RBC membrane model (Reasor Jr et al, ), and Voigt model (Mori et al, ). Most of these models are validated using in vitro data, whereas many in vivo observations are not reflected under in vitro conditions.…”

“…This technique can realistically capture the multiphysics interaction between the blood flow and thrombus/embolus. Vahidi and Fatouraee () utilized a CFD‐FSI model along with arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method to simulate the transportation of a buoyant embolus in a pulsatile flow within a stenosed microvessel. In other studies, modeling the detachment of emboli from a forming thrombus has been attempted.…”