Numerical simulation of urban heat island intensity under urban–suburban surface and reference site in Kolkata, India

Khan, Ansar; Chatterjee, Soumendu

doi:10.1007/s40808-016-0119-5

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We focus our simulations on hot, pre‐monsoon days characterized by considerable urban heating and associated health risk. Extreme heatwaves aggravate conditions in urban areas by boosting temperatures within the built environment and increasing urban temperatures more intensely than rural temperatures (Khan & Chatterjee, 2016; Khan, Akbari, et al., 2022). Under such adverse weather conditions, mitigation strategies are critically needed to reduce peak ambient temperatures and minimize any heat‐related health risks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

et al. 2023

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Different heat mitigation technologies have been developed to improve the thermal environment in cities. However, the regional impacts of such technologies, especially in the context of a tropical city, remain unclear. The deployment of heat mitigation technologies at city‐scale can change the radiation balance, advective flow, and energy balance between urban areas and the overlying atmosphere. We used the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a physically based single‐layer urban canopy model to assess the impacts of five different heat mitigation technologies on surface energy balance, standard surface meteorological fields, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics for premonsoon typical hot summer days over a tropical coastal city in the month of April in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Results indicate that the regional impacts of cool materials (CMs), super‐cool broadband radiative coolers, green roofs (GRs), vegetation fraction change, and a combination of CMs and GRs (i.e., “Cool city (CC)”) on the lower atmosphere are different at diurnal scale. Results showed that super‐cool materials have the maximum potential of ambient temperature reduction of 1.6°C during peak hour (14:00 LT) compared to other technologies in the study. During the daytime hours, the PBL height was considerably lower than the reference scenario with no implementation of strategies by 700 m for super‐cool materials and 500 m for both CMs and CC cases; however, the green roofing system underwent nominal changes over the urban area. During the nighttime hours, the PBL height increased by CMs and the CC strategies compared to the reference scenario, but minimal changes were evident for super‐cool materials. The changes of temperature on the vertical profile of the heat mitigation implemented city reveal a stable PBL over the urban domain and a reduction of the vertical mixing associated with a pollution dome. This would lead to crossover phenomena above the PBL due to the decrease in vertical wind speed. Therefore, assessing the coupled regional impact of urban heat mitigation over the lower atmosphere at city‐scale is urgent for sustainable urban planning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

et al. 2023

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“…IMDAA is a regional atmospheric reanalysis over the Indian subcontinent with a horizontal resolution of about 12 km [76]. The fifth-generation reanalysis popularly known as ERA-5 (spatial resolution ~31 km), released by ECMWF, is an upgraded version of Era-Interim (spatial resolution ~79 km) in terms of spatial resolution [77]. In this data quality test, we chose three stations, namely Alipore (Kolkata), Diamond Harbour, and Darjeeling.…”

Section: Importance Of Data Quality In Estimating Human Bioclimate Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Changes in Thermal Bioclimate Conditions over West Bengal, India, Based on a Climate Model

Bal

Kirchner

2023

Atmosphere

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Changes in extreme human bioclimate conditions are accepted evidence for and serve as a broad measure of anthropogenic climate change. The essential objective of the current study was to investigate past and future thermal bioclimate conditions across West Bengal (WB), India. The daily physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was calculated by considering definite climate variables as inputs. These meteorological variables were captured from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX)-South Asia. The initial results from this research work present the mean monthly distribution of each PET class over the considered stations of WB during the period (1986–2005) and three future time periods: (i) near future (2016–2035), (ii) mid-future (2046–2065), and (iii) far future (2080–2099). It was observed that the months from April to June comprise heat stress months in terms of human thermal perception, whereas thermally acceptable conditions begin in November and continue until March for most stations. Results from future PET changes over WB in the context of the reference period (1986–2005) reveal a prominent increase in warm and hot PETs for all future time periods in two different greenhouse gas emission scenarios. During the far-future time period, stations within a kilometer of the Bay of Bengal such as Digha, Diamond Harbour, Canning, and Baruipur account for the highest percentage in the warm PET class (35.7–43.8 °C) in high-end emission scenarios. Simultaneously, during the period from 2080 to 2099, Kolkata, Dum Dum, Kharagpur, and Siliguri will experience a PET greater than 43.8 °C for close to 10% of the days in the year and more than 10% in Sriniketan, Malda, Asansol, and Birbhum. During the far-future period, a negative change in the very cool PET class (<3.3 °C) indicating a decrease in cold days was the largest for Darjeeling.

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“…Similarly, respiratory and lung diseases are related to high ozone levels induced by heat events. Studies (Pickett et al, 2008;Khan and Chatterjee 2016) carried out in several cities of the United States such as Atlanta, New York, Chicago, and Washington, have shown that urbaninduced precipitation and thunderstorm events are mainly initiated by the UHI. Other meteorological impacts of the UHI are associated with reductions in snowfall frequencies and intensities, as well as reductions in the diurnal and seasonal range of freezing temperatures.…”

Section: Urban Heat Islands -Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Urban Heat Island formation over changing climate and its impacts on Urban Land Use and Environments and Adaptation Measures

Das

2022

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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Climate change and associated global warming adversely impact urban environments, which leads to the increasing of land surface temperature (LST) and the formation of urban heat islands (UHI). In this study, the author has attempted to present current understandings of UHI formation over changing climate and its probable impacts on urban land use and environmental risks. The review provides a thorough understanding of the UHI and how this impacts urban communities, land use, and environments. In addition, the author has also addressed the quantification process of UHI in the Geospatial platform which helps monitor, assess, and predict the environmental risks at a local scale. The study demonstrated the advantages of earth observation data and Geo-Spatial technologies to detect and monitor the UHI over the temporal scale and a clear understanding of spatial data processing for quantification of UHI. The author finally suggested some best possible adaptation measures of UHI that can assist urban planners and policy makers to build resilient urban communities.

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Numerical simulation of urban heat island intensity under urban–suburban surface and reference site in Kolkata, India

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

Exploring the Meteorological Impacts of Surface and Rooftop Heat Mitigation Strategies Over a Tropical City

Future Changes in Thermal Bioclimate Conditions over West Bengal, India, Based on a Climate Model

A Review of Urban Heat Island formation over changing climate and its impacts on Urban Land Use and Environments and Adaptation Measures

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