Numerical Simulation of Homogeneous Condensation of Argon in a Supersonic Nozzle

Nonlinear Effects of Krypton Flow in a Micronozzle with a Cylindrical Tube

“…This requires the initial model of Eqs. (2.1)-(2.13) to be supplemented by the equation of forming and growth of supercritical clusters within the flow [10,11]:…”

“…An extra term taking into account the latent heat of phase transition is added to the righthand side of the energy equation (2.4) to consider the condensation effect [10]:…”

“…It should be noted that such systems are usually filled with inert gases (krypton, xenon) to avoid unnecessary chemical reactions or contamination of device optical components. Gas flow in such devices has two crucial features: firstly, due to small sizes of nozzles, gas viscosity plays a decisive role in flow formation; secondly, due to discharge into vacuum gas expands greatly, causing a decrease in temperature to extremely low values and possible condensation in gas flow [10]. Experimental studies of such flows are complicated on account of small sizes of devices and extremely low temperatures in the core of the exhaust jet, while accomplishable measurements provide information far away from the nozzle outlet and report about relevant physical processes only indirectly [3,7].…”

“…In the works mentioned above, condensate either was not taken into account or the motion of the formed twophase flow was studied, when condensation was finished and did not develop. Numerical studies of the condensation nuclei initiation process, their further growth and interaction with gas flow within a single velocity model of homogeneous condensation were carried out in [10,11,15]. The studies showed that the condensation process begins at the nozzle throat.…”