Numerical Simulation and PIV Study of Unsteady Flow Around Hollow Cube Artificial Reef with Free Water Surface

Liu, Yan; Guan, Changtao; Zhao, Yunpeng; Cui, Yong; Dong, Guohai

doi:10.1080/19942060.2012.11015440

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, the main consideration of the flow field effects in this artificial reef model is the distribution of the upwelling and vortices. Liu et al (2012) announced that the upwelling current region was defined in which the component of flow velocity in the vertical direction z axis was equal to or larger than 10% of inlet flow velocity. In this paper, the velocity in the z axis is equal to or larger than 0.1 times the flow velocity is also defined as an upwelling region.…”

Section: Comparisons Between Simulation Results and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been developed in the field of aquaculture engineering including the design modification of aquaculture raceway (Huggins et al, 2004(Huggins et al, , 2005, the design methodologies of swirl separators (Veerapen et al, 2005), and the flow field effect around artificial reefs (Jiang et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012). In this article, Fluent 6.3, one finite volume method, is used to solve the three-dimensional Reynolds-average Navier−Stokes equations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study suggested that the numerical simulation method could be applied to predict the forces and flow fields around artificial reefs. Liu et al (2012) researched the flow fields around hollow cube artificial reef models with different heights by applying numerical simulation and PIV experiments. Li et al (2010) researched the flow fields around a "Mi-zi" type artificial reef using a large eddy simulation of a three-dimensional numerical calculation, and then compared the simulation results with the sink test results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation and experimental study of the effects of disposal space on the flow field around the combined three-tube reefs

et al. 2015

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The artificial reefs placed on the seabed with different layouts and disposal spaces will produce variational flow field. The intensity and scale of the combined three-tube artificial reefs with different layouts at five Reynolds numbers (Re) are numerically investigated by use of the RNG k−ε turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm. A stationary no-slip boundary condition is used on the models and the bottoms, and the free surface is treated as a "moving wall" with zero shear force and the same velocity with inflow. In order to validate the simulation results, a particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment is carried out to analyze the flow field. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the data obtained from experiment. The corresponding errors are all below 20%. Based on the validation, the effects of disposal space on flow field are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation, in a parallel combination, a better artificial reef effect is obtained when the disposal space between two parallel reefs is 1.0L (L is the length of the combined three-tube reef model). In a vertical combination, when the disposal space between two vertical reefs is 1.0L to 2.0L, the artificial reef effect is better.

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Section: Comparisons Between Simulation Results and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation and experimental study of the effects of disposal space on the flow field around the combined three-tube reefs

et al. 2015

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“…Coupling productivity rates of transplants with experimental measures of the internal flow conditions and food supply would be challenging due to the limited access to the internal reef surfaces, and the need for sufficiently small flow meters and sediment traps that could be deployed between reef blocks and recovered without disturbance. Computational fluid dynamic simulations of the internal flow fields on the Loch Linnhe Artificial Reef (e.g., as per Liu, Guan, Zhao, Cui, and Dong ()) present a method for quantifying the exact relationship between productivity rates and hydrodynamic regimes, as mediated by the reef design. Regardless of the limitations in measuring the drivers of the different productivity rates, our results suggest that introducing voids to reef blocks may allow more of the internal surface areas to become functional habitat for suspension feeders and could lead to an overall increase in the productivity capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial reef design affects benthic secondary productivity and provision of functional habitat

Rouse

Porter

Wilding

2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Novel hard substratum, introduced through offshore developments, can provide habitat for marine species and thereby function as an artificial reef. To predict the ecological consequences of deploying offshore infrastructure, and sustainably manage the installation of new structures, interactions between artificial reefs and marine ecosystem functions and services must be understood. This requires quantitative data on the relationships between secondary productivity and artificial reef design, across all trophic levels. Benthic secondary productivity is, however, one of the least studied processes on artificial reefs. In this study, we show that productivity rates of a common suspension feeder, Flustra foliacea (Linnaeus 1758), were 2.4 times higher on artificial reefs constructed from “complex” blocks than on reefs constructed from “simple” blocks, which had a smaller surface area. Productivity rates were highest on external areas of reefs. Productivity rates decreased by 1.56%, per cm distance into the reef on complex reefs and 2.93% per cm into the reef on simple block reefs. The differences in productivity rates between reefs constructed from simple and complex blocks are assumed to reflect different current regimes and food supply between the external and internal reef areas, according to reef type. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that artificial reef design can affect secondary productivity at low trophic levels. We demonstrate that the incorporation of voids into reef blocks can lead to a greater proportion of the structure serving as functional habitat for benthic species. By including such modifications into the design of artificial reefs, it may be possible to increase the overall productivity capacity of artificial structures.

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“…For the numerical scheme, a general purpose flow software package, ANSYS-CFX is used (ANSYS Inc., 2009). It should be also noted that lab-scaled experimental work using PIV (particle image velocimetry) measurement is also possible to get water flow characteristics around ARs (Liu et al, 2012); however, the relevant works have not focused on wake vol- …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Index Diagram for Wake Region Evaluation of Artificial Reefs Facilitated for Marine Forest Creation

Kim¹,

Jung²,

Na³

2016

Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering

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Recently, artificial reefs (ARs) have been frequently used primarily owing to the development in AR materials and projects for relatively complicated, large ARs. Among several engineering issues of ARs, wake region of an AR has been characterized because these regions have a high probability of recruiting seaweed spores, providing an energy saving zone, and facilitating deposition of sediments, nutrients, and bio-deposits. To characterize an efficiency index of an AR wake region and its dependency on the prevailing water flow directions, this study proposes a so-called efficiency index diagram. This characterization is done by normalizing the wake volumes with respect to the real AR volume and illustrating how efficiency indices vary with respect to the inlet flow directions. As a result, according to the diagram characteristics such as an averaged efficiency index, fundamental symmetric angle, secure angles, and principal directions, we can easily figure out how a target AR should be aligned along the main water flows to maximize the wake region around the AR. In addition, six ARs are considered and their efficiency index diagrams are illustrated to pinpoint the physical characteristics.

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Numerical Simulation and PIV Study of Unsteady Flow Around Hollow Cube Artificial Reef with Free Water Surface

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the effects of disposal space on the flow field around the combined three-tube reefs

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the effects of disposal space on the flow field around the combined three-tube reefs

Artificial reef design affects benthic secondary productivity and provision of functional habitat

Efficiency Index Diagram for Wake Region Evaluation of Artificial Reefs Facilitated for Marine Forest Creation

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