Numerical Simulation Analysis of Dual-Beam Laser Welding of Tailored Blanks with Different Thicknesses

Zhang, Xinge; Li, Liqun; Chen, Yanbin; Zhu, Xiaocui; Ji, Shijun

doi:10.3390/met9020135

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The X80 pipeline steel is used extensively in pipeline construction as a base metal in multi-pass welded joints. The microstructure of multi-pass welded joints generally comprises the original columnar weld metal and the weld metal that has been reheated at different temperatures and different durations during the subsequent welding layer [3][4][5]. The destruction of the previous columnar morphology in the reheating process results in a heterogeneous microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Changes and Impact Toughness of Fill Pass in X80 Steel Weld Metal

Bai

Ding

Tong

et al. 2019

Metals

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Multi-pass welding is used in high-pressure and thick-walled pipes in natural gas and oil pipelines. When a welding layer of a welded joint is subjected to different welding thermal cycles, its microstructure and properties change, thereby affecting the overall welding performance. In this study, the temperature and microstructural variations of the fill pass 2 (FP2) in the entire welding process were investigated by combining the thermal cycle with the cascade welding method. The original FP2 and FP2 after double thermal cycles had the worse deformation ability by tensile test. The toughness of FP2 improved after a single thermal cycle, decreased after double thermal cycles, and improved again after triple thermal cycles. The content of martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents and the average grain size of FP2 in the cascade samples were inversely proportional to FP2 toughness. Massive M–A constituents and their unique distribution at the inter-critical temperature were harmful to weld metal toughness. Controlling the size and fraction of M–A constituents can improve weld metal toughness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Changes and Impact Toughness of Fill Pass in X80 Steel Weld Metal

Bai

Ding

Tong

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…In the case of laser welding of 321 SS, high cooling rates lead to the fact that not all of the δ-ferrite is transformed into austenite [20]. Technological methods such as beam defocusing, wobbling or oscillations (longitudinal, transverse, circular) or the concurrent heating [21,22,23,24,25] are used to reduce the cooling rates during laser welding and electron beam welding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Phase Composition and Corrosion Resistance of 321 SS Welded Joints Produced by a Defocused Laser Beam

Kuryntsev

2019

Materials

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The effect of heat treatment of welded joints made of steel 321 on corrosion resistance, phase composition, residual stresses, and distribution of alloying elements was studied using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and intergranular corrosion testing (IGC). Samples previously obtained by the authors using defocused laser beam, which led to the formation of directionally crystallized austenite with lathy and skeletal δ-ferrite, were investigated. Based on X-ray diffraction studies in the base metal, the maximum number of peaks of various phases was presented, which decreased after exposure to the heating effect of the welding process and subsequent heat treatment. The distribution of alloying elements, in particular, Ti and Si, was significantly affected by heat treatment depending on the regimes. A spot chemical analysis showed that the nickel content differs in δ-ferrite and austenite by 1.5%–2% whereas the chromium content in these phases is not significantly different. Tests have shown that all samples have high resistance to intergranular corrosion, which can be explained by the insufficient dissolution of titanium carbides in austenite and the absence of chromium carbides formation along austenite grain boundaries, due to high cooling rates when welding by a defocused laser beam, and as a result, the high δ-ferrite content in which chromium dissolves.

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“…In this Section, an optimization approach is presented, where the addition of a secondary beam and its effect on the final weld bead geometry are studied. The advantages of a dual beam approach and the effect on material properties and quality criteria have been numerically investigated using commercial CFD software by Zhang et al [31]. One advantage of using a secondary beam superimposed on the primary beam is the possibility of in-situ pre-heating or post-heating without the need for additional scans.…”

Section: Beam Shape Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel Sheets with a Gap

et al. 2021

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Keyhole laser beam welding (LBW) of 304L stainless steel sheets with a gap in between was numerically simulated with a three—dimensional, transient, multi—physical model for laser material processing based on the finite volume method (FVM). First, the model’s ability to reproduce experimental results on a relatively coarse computational mesh within reasonable computing time, so as to serve as process optimization tool, is presented. An example of process optimization is shown, wherein a given set of weld seam quality criteria is fulfilled by iteratively optimizing a secondary laser beam. The relatively coarse mesh, in combination with a good model calibration for the experimental conditions, allows for sufficiently fast simulations to use this approach for optimization tasks. Finally, using a finer spatial and temporal discretization, the dynamic processes in the vicinity of the keyhole leading to the formation of pores are investigated. The physical phenomena predicted by the simulation are coherent with experimental observations found in literature.

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Numerical Simulation Analysis of Dual-Beam Laser Welding of Tailored Blanks with Different Thicknesses

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Microstructural Changes and Impact Toughness of Fill Pass in X80 Steel Weld Metal

Microstructural Changes and Impact Toughness of Fill Pass in X80 Steel Weld Metal

Effect of Heat Treatment on the Phase Composition and Corrosion Resistance of 321 SS Welded Joints Produced by a Defocused Laser Beam

A Numerical Investigation of Laser Beam Welding of Stainless Steel Sheets with a Gap

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