Numerical modeling of three-dimensional stratified tidal flow over Camarinal Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

Sánchez-Garrido, José Carlos; Sannino, Gianmaria; Liberti, Luca; García‐Lafuente, Jesús; Pratt, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1029/2011jc007093

Cited by 66 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Both aspects are of great interest to our study. However, taking into account that the timescale of the WAG variability is of the order of weeks to months (Vargas-Yáñez et al, 2002;Sánchez-Garrido et al, 2013), these series are too short to draw unarguable conclusions about our hypothesis. This drawback does not apply to the long series at ESP, which shows up other disadvantages: since the characteristics of the Mediterranean waters flowing through CSN and CSS are not very different and the changing fractions that the WAG fluctuations can originate on these flows are also small, the footprint left by these fluctuations in the series collected at ESP are expectedly weak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, it is at the end of the flood that the water parcels located farther east on the Mediterranean side of the strait can reach and overflow the sill. Moreover, they will be the least-modified parcels by tidal mixing, which otherwise becomes more apparent over the sill near low water when the ebb current may reverse the "mean" flow and bring back to the Mediterranean Sea the water intensely mixed westwards (downstream) of the Camarinal Sill (Wesson and Gregg, 1994;Sánchez-Garrido et al, 2013). The result of this selection is displayed in Fig.…”

Section: The Processed Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) in the eastern half of the strait (García-Lafuente et al, 2000;Naranjo et al, 2012Naranjo et al, , 2015. The severe mixing and dissipation that takes place in the Tangier Basin downstream (oceanward) of the Camarinal Sill (Wesson and Gregg, 1994;García-Lafuente et al, 2009Sánchez-Garrido et al, 2011) blurs this spatial pattern and tends to form a rather mixed outflow with little participation of entrained North At-lantic Central Water in which the Mediterranean waters are barely distinguishable Naranjo et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea

García‐Lafuente

Naranjo²,

Sammartino³

et al. 2017

Ocean Sci.

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Abstract. The present study addresses the hypothesis that the Western Alborán Gyre in the Alborán Sea (the westernmost Mediterranean basin adjacent to the Strait of Gibraltar) influences the composition of the outflow through the Strait of Gibraltar. The process invoked is that strong and welldeveloped gyres help to evacuate the Western Mediterranean Deep Water from the Alborán basin, thus increasing its presence in the outflow, whereas weak gyres facilitate the outflow of Levantine and other intermediate waters. To this aim, in situ observations collected at the Camarinal (the main) and Espartel (the westernmost) sills of the strait have been analysed along with altimetry data, which were employed to obtain a proxy of the strength of the gyre. An encouraging correlation of the expected sign was observed between the time series of potential temperature at the Espartel Sill, which is shown to keep information on the outflow composition, and the proxy of the Western Alborán Gyre, suggesting the correctness of the hypothesis, although the weakness of the involved signals does not allow for drawing definitive conclusions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: The Processed Time Seriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea

García‐Lafuente

Naranjo²,

Sammartino³

et al. 2017

Ocean Sci.

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“…Klymak and Gregg (2001) found counterrotating eddies in the lee of a sill and narrows in Knight Inlet that caused significant biases in their along-channel estimates of volume flux. MacDonald and Geyer (2005) found first-order, cross-channel variability in the Fraser River ebb plume liftoff zone as well, and a 3D simulation of the Strait of Gibraltar highlighted sharp horizontal flow and density gradients oriented obliquely to the channel (Sánchez-Garrido et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Oblique Internal Hydraulic Jumps at a Stratified Estuary Mouth

Honegger

Haller

Geyer

et al. 2017

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Observations and analyses of two tidally recurring, oblique, internal hydraulic jumps at a stratified estuary mouth (Columbia River, Oregon/Washington) are presented. These hydraulic features have not previously been studied due to the challenges of both horizontally resolving the sharp gradients and temporally resolving their evolution in numerical models and traditional observation platforms. The jumps, both of which recurred during ebb, formed adjacent to two engineered lateral channel constrictions and were identified in marine radar image time series. Jump occurrence was corroborated by (i) a collocated sharp gradient in the surface currents measured via airborne along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar and (ii) the transition from supercritical to subcritical flow in the cross-jump direction via shipborne velocity and density measurements. Using a two-layer approximation, observed jump angles at both lateral constrictions are shown to lie within the theoretical bounds given by the critical internal long-wave (Froude) angle and the arrested maximum-amplitude internal bore angle, respectively. Also, intratidal and intertidal variability of the jump angles are shown to be consistent with that expected from the two-layer model, applied to varying stratification and current speed over a range of tidal and river discharge conditions. Intratidal variability of the upchannel jump angle is similar under all observed conditions, whereas the downchannel jump angle shows an additional association with stratification and ebb velocity during the low discharge periods. The observations additionally indicate that the upchannel jump achieves a stable position that is collocated with a similarly oblique bathymetric slope.

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“…The bathymetry used by MITgcm is provided by the National Group of Operational Oceanography (GNOO; http://gnoo.bo.ingv.it/bathymetry/). As in Sanchez-Garrido et al (2011) and Sannino et al (2014), an implicit linear formulation of the free surface is used. The model uses constant horizontal eddy coefficients for momentum (viscosity: 10 m 2 s −1 ), temperature, and salinity (diffusivity: 2 m 2 s −1 ).…”

Section: Mitgcmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes: a case study in the north Adriatic Sea

et al. 2016

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Abstract. In this work we consider a numerical study of hydrodynamics in the coastal zone using two different models, SHYFEM (shallow water hydrodynamic finite element model) and MITgcm (Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model), to assess their capability to capture the main processes. We focus on the north Adriatic Sea during a strong dense water event that occurred at the beginning of 2012. This serves as an interesting test case to examine both the models strengths and weaknesses, while giving an opportunity to understand how these events affect coastal processes, like upwelling and downwelling, and how they interact with estuarine dynamics. Using the models we examine the impact of setup, surface and lateral boundary treatment, resolution and mixing schemes, as well as assessing the importance of nonhydrostatic dynamics in coastal processes. Both models are able to capture the dense water event, though each displays biases in different regions. The models show large differences in the reproduction of surface patterns, identifying the choice of suitable bulk formulas as a central point for the correct simulation of the thermohaline structure of the coastal zone. Moreover, the different approaches in treating lateral freshwater sources affect the vertical coastal stratification. The results indicate the importance of having high horizontal resolution in the coastal zone, specifically in close proximity to river inputs, in order to reproduce the effect of the complex coastal morphology on the hydrodynamics. A lower resolution offshore is acceptable for the reproduction of the dense water event, even if specific vortical structures are missed. Finally, it is found that nonhydrostatic processes are of little importance for the reproduction of dense water formation in the shelf of the north Adriatic Sea.

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Numerical modeling of three-dimensional stratified tidal flow over Camarinal Sill, Strait of Gibraltar

Cited by 66 publications

References 34 publications

The Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea

The Mediterranean outflow in the Strait of Gibraltar and its connection with upstream conditions in the Alborán Sea

Oblique Internal Hydraulic Jumps at a Stratified Estuary Mouth

Investigation of model capability in capturing vertical hydrodynamic coastal processes: a case study in the north Adriatic Sea

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