Numerical Modeling of Salt Tectonics on Passive Continental Margins: Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Sediment Loading, Buoyancy, Margin Tilt, and Isostasy

Ings, Steven J.; Beaumont, Christopher; Gemmer, Lykke

doi:10.5724/gcs.04.24.0036

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…9). In such models, the frontal boundary can be considered as free, as stated by Ings and Shimeld (2006). Such an initial condition, which is considered necessary to allow the development of minibasins (Gemmer et al, 2005), is somewhat difficult to reconcile with the fact that in these models, the water depth is around 4500 m at the onset of sedimentation.…”

Section: The Hypothesis Of a Seaward Free Boundarymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, some salt basins could have initially been narrower e e.g. in Nova Scotia: possibly less than 100 km (Ings and Shimeld, 2006;Albertz et al, 2010). Other basins are obviously larger e e.g.…”

Section: Salt Basin Size and Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different types of laboratory experiments (Ge et al, 1997;McClay et al, 1998;Vendeville, 2005;Gaullier and Vendeville, 2005;Krézsek et al, 2007) or numerical modelling (Cohen and Hardy, 1996;Gemmer et al, 2004;Ings et al, 2004;Ings and Shimmeld, 2006;Gradmann et al, 2009) have been carried out to characterise the mechanical behaviour of salt tectonic systems driven by the progradation of a sedimentary wedge on top of a salt basin, either covered by or not covered by sediments from the outset. In all these models (Fig.…”

Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the models, f eff is taken as a simple reduction of the angle of friction f e e.g. f eff ¼ 20 in Ings et al (2004) e or it is calculated using an arbitrary value of fluid pressure l e e.g.…”

Section: Stresses At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Brun

Fort

2011

Marine and Petroleum Geology

186

144

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Section: The Hypothesis Of a Seaward Free Boundarymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Salt Basin Size and Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stresses At Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Brun

Fort

2011

Marine and Petroleum Geology

186

144

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“…Batchelor 2000; Turcotte & Schubert 2002) have been applied to a wide range of geodynamic processes including: (1) asthenospheric counterflow (Chase 1979;Turcotte & Schubert 2002); (2) mechanics of continental extension (Kusznir & Matthews 1988;Block & Royden 1990;Birger 1991;Kruse et al 1991;McKenzie et al 2000;McKenzie & Jackson 2002); (3) continental plateau formation and evolution, both in extension and compression (Zhao & Morgan 1987;Block & Royden 1990;Wernicke 1990;Bird 1991;Fielding et al (Johnston et al 2000;Beaumont et al 2001Beaumont et al , 2004Beaumont et al , 2006Grujic et al 2002Grujic et al , 2004Williams & Jiang 2005; (5) metamorphic histories in large, hot, collisional orogens (Jamieson et al 2002; (6) subduction zone flow regimes under both lithostatic and overpressured conditions (Bird 1978;England & Holland 1979;Shreve & Cloos 1986;Peacock 1992;Mancktelow 1995;Gerya & St6ckhert 2002); and (7) deformation along passive continental margins in the presence of salt layers Ings et al 2004). For all these examples, with the exception of salt tectonics, the most likely cause for weakening in the channel is partial melting.…”

Section: Channel Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel flow, ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones: an introduction

et al. 2006

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Abstract:The channel flow model aims to explain features common to metamorphic hinterlands of some collisional orogens, notably along the Himalaya-Tibet system. Channel flow describes a protracted flow of a weak, viscous crustal layer between relatively rigid yet deformable bounding crustal slabs. Once a critical low viscosity is attained (due to partial melting), the weak layer flows laterally due to a horizontal gradient in lithostatic pressure. In the Himalaya-Tibet system, this lithostatic pressure gradient is created by the high crustal thicknesses beneath the Tibetan Plateau and 'normal' crustal thickness in the foreland. Focused denudation can result in exhumation of the channel material within a narrow, nearly symmetric zone. If channel flow is operating at the same time as focused denudation, this can result in extrusion of the mid-crust between an upper normal-sense boundary and a lower thrust-sense boundary. The bounding shear zones of the extruding channel may have opposite shear sense; the sole shear zone is always a thrust, while the roof shear zone may display normal or ttuqast sense, depending on the relative velocity between the upper crust and the underlying extruding material. This introductory chapter addresses the historical, theoretical, geological and modelling aspects of channel flow, emphasizing its applicability to the Himalaya-Tibet orogen. Critical tests for channel flow in the Himalaya, and possible applications to other orogenic belts, are also presented.

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Deformation, stress, and pore pressure in an evolving suprasalt basin

et al. 2017

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We develop a two‐dimensional plane strain large‐deformation coupled poroelastoplastic finite element model to simulate initiation and rise of a salt wall from a flat salt body during sedimentation. We run transient analyses with high‐permeability and low‐permeability sediments in the model to simulate drained conditions and overpressure (or pore fluid overpressure). We investigate deformation, stress, and overpressure in the evolving suprasalt basin. Model results show that horizontal stress increases even higher than vertical stress at the flank of the salt wall and in the minibasin due to horizontal pushing out of the rising salt wall and that orientations of principal stresses rotate in the minibasin relative to far‐field stress state. Model predicts that compared with far‐field overpressure, the overpressure near the salt wall and within the minibasin is largely perturbed by the salt body. We find that perturbations of pore pressure (or pore fluid pressure) near the salt wall and within the minibasin cannot be resolved by traditional pore pressure prediction methods such as normal compaction trend approach and mean stress model approach. In order to predict pore pressure more accurately, especially in the regions near salt bodies or where stresses are perturbed, we need to apply a method that includes both effects of mean effective stress and deviatoric stress on pore pressure and compaction, for example, the Modified Cam Clay model approach, to pore pressure prediction. Our results provide geoscientists insights into evolution of salt basins, near‐salt deformation, stress, overpressure, and overpressure prediction methods and have implications for near‐salt wellbore drilling programs.

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Numerical Modeling of Salt Tectonics on Passive Continental Margins: Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Sediment Loading, Buoyancy, Margin Tilt, and Isostasy

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Channel flow, ductile extrusion and exhumation in continental collision zones: an introduction

Deformation, stress, and pore pressure in an evolving suprasalt basin

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