Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Brun, Jean‐Pierre; Fort, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.03.004

Cited by 186 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Examples of upper crustal-scale experiments that use the combined approach include delta collapse experiments (e.g. McClay et al, 1998;Mourgues et al, 2009;Brun and Fort, 2011) and salt diapirism experiments (e.g. Warsitzka et al, 2013) that have internal buoyancy forces and include differential loading due to local syn-experimental sedimentation.…”

Section: Combined (External + Internal) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of analogue modelling of geodynamic processes: Approaches, scaling, materials and quantification, with an application to subduction experiments

Schellart

Strak

2016

Journal of Geodynamics

126

105

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a b s t r a c tWe present a review of the analogue modelling method, which has been used for 200 years, and continues to be used, to investigate geological phenomena and geodynamic processes. We particularly focus on the following four components: (1) the different fundamental modelling approaches that exist in analogue modelling; (2) the scaling theory and scaling of topography; (3) the different materials and rheologies that are used to simulate the complex behaviour of rocks; and (4) a range of recording techniques that are used for qualitative and quantitative analyses and interpretations of analogue models. Furthermore, we apply these four components to laboratory-based subduction models and describe some of the issues at hand with modelling such systems. Over the last 200 years, a wide variety of analogue materials have been used with different rheologies, including viscous materials (e.g. syrups, silicones, water), brittle materials (e.g. granular materials such as sand, microspheres and sugar), plastic materials (e.g. plasticine), viscoplastic materials (e.g. paraffin, waxes, petrolatum) and visco-elasto-plastic materials (e.g. hydrocarbon compounds and gelatins). These materials have been used in many different set-ups to study processes from the microscale, such as porphyroclast rotation, to the mantle scale, such as subduction and mantle convection. Despite the wide variety of modelling materials and great diversity in model set-ups and processes investigated, all laboratory experiments can be classified into one of three different categories based on three fundamental modelling approaches that have been used in analogue modelling: (1) The external approach, (2) the combined (external + internal) approach, and (3) the internal approach. In the external approach and combined approach, energy is added to the experimental system through the external application of a velocity, temperature gradient or a material influx (or a combination thereof), and so the system is open. In the external approach, all deformation in the system is driven by the externally imposed condition, while in the combined approach, part of the deformation is driven by buoyancy forces internal to the system. In the internal approach, all deformation is driven by buoyancy forces internal to the system and so the system is closed and no energy is added during an experimental run. In the combined approach, the externally imposed force or added energy is generally not quantified nor compared to the internal buoyancy force or potential energy of the system, and so it is not known if these experiments are properly scaled with respect to nature. The scaling theory requires that analogue models are geometrically, kinematically and dynamically similar to the natural prototype. Direct scaling of topography in laboratory models indicates that it is often significantly exaggerated. This can be ascribed to (1) The lack of isostatic compensation, which causes topography to be too high.(2) The lack of erosion, which causes topography to be too high....

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Section: Combined (External + Internal) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of analogue modelling of geodynamic processes: Approaches, scaling, materials and quantification, with an application to subduction experiments

Schellart

Strak

2016

Journal of Geodynamics

126

105

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“…)-Middle Miocene deformation phase if a first topographic building event took place earlier in the Late Eocene. We propose, based on an analogy with salt tectonics on passive margins (Brun and Fort, 2011) that given a tilt angle, the thickness of the cover is the primary determining factor for the sliding. Here the same reasoning is suggested: (1) the thick cover in the High Atlas began to be dismantled during the Late Eocene event, but remains thick enough to prevent the sliding and (2) the renewal increase in topography during Miocene happened with a sufficiently thin cover to trigger the décollement of the evaporites layers.…”

Section: Early(?)-middle Miocene To Quaternary Deformations Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The three main steps of the Marrakech High Atlas building in Morocco: Structural evidences from the southern foreland, Imini area

Leprêtre

Missenard

Saint-Bézar

et al. 2015

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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“…This deformation could be still active (cf. Brun and Fort, 2011). Where salt domes crop out above the seafloor, submarine knolls and ridges were formed (Bryant et al, 1991;Ding et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Gulf Of Mexico: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic activity in the Gulf of Mexico. A preliminary analysis

Franco¹,

Canet²,

Iglesias³

et al. 2013

BSGM

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The southwestern corner of the Gulf of Mexico (around the Isthmus of Tehuantepec) is exposed to intense deep (> 100 km) seismic activity caused by the subduction of the Cocos Plate. Aside from this, the gulf has been considered a zone of low or no-seismicity. However, a sparse shallow seismic activity is observed across the Gulf of Mexico, even in the most distant areas from the plate boundaries. Some of these earthquakes have been strongly felt (e. The recent improvements of the Mexican Seismological broadband network have allowed the recording of small earthquakes distributed in the Gulf of Mexico. Although intermediate and large earthquakes in the region are infrequent, historic evidence indicates that magnitudes could reach Mw ~6.4. This fact should be taken in consideration to reassess the seismic hazard for industrial oil infrastructure in the region.Keywords: Strike-slip faulting, East Mexican Fault, intra-slab seismicity, salt tectonics, gravity sliding, seismic hazards. Resumen

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Salt tectonics at passive margins: Geology versus models

Cited by 186 publications

References 71 publications

A review of analogue modelling of geodynamic processes: Approaches, scaling, materials and quantification, with an application to subduction experiments

A review of analogue modelling of geodynamic processes: Approaches, scaling, materials and quantification, with an application to subduction experiments

The three main steps of the Marrakech High Atlas building in Morocco: Structural evidences from the southern foreland, Imini area

Seismic activity in the Gulf of Mexico. A preliminary analysis

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