Numerical modeling and characterization of the laser–matter interaction during high-power continuous wave laser perforation of thin metal plates

Horak, Johannes; Heunoske, Dominic; Lueck, Martin; Osterholz, J.; Wickert, Matthias

doi:10.2351/1.4906467

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The absorption of a fraction of the laser energy results in the rapid formation of a melt layer at the surface of the sample, followed by evaporation of the molten material and the formation of a vapor cloud. These processes have been studied in detail for metal samples in the parameter region considered here [ Horak et al ., ].…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating laser‐generated melts with impact‐generated melts: An integrated thermodynamic‐petrologic approach

Hamann

Luther

Ebert

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Planetary collisions in the solar system typically induce melting and vaporization of the impactor and a certain volume of the target. To study the dynamics of quasi‐instantaneous melting and subsequent quenching under postshock P‐T conditions of impact melting, we used continuous‐wave laser irradiation to melt and vaporize sandstone, iron meteorite, and basalt. Using high‐speed imaging, temperature measurements, and petrologic investigations of the irradiation targets, we show that laser‐generated melts exhibit typical characteristics of impact melts (particularly ballistic ejecta). We then calculate the entropy gains of the laser‐generated melts and compare them with the entropy gains associated with the thermodynamic states produced in hypervelocity impacts at various velocities. In conclusion, our experiments extend currently attainable postshock temperatures in impact experiments to ranges commensurate with impacts in the velocity range of 4–20 km s–1 and allow to study timescales and magnitudes of petrogenetic processes in impact melts.

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Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating laser‐generated melts with impact‐generated melts: An integrated thermodynamic‐petrologic approach

Hamann

Luther

Ebert

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Details on the setup are described in, 5 which was comparable to our previous publications. 3,4 Therefore, only a brief description is given here. An ytterbium fiber laser (YLS-120000, IPG Photonics Corporation, Germany) with a maximum average cw power of 120 kW and a wavelength of 1070 nm was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process is influenced by energy absorption rates, rates of transient air flow as well as generation of a plasma in front of the sample. [1][2][3][4][5] Typical laser powers are normally limited to several tens of kilowatts. The advent of lasers with a continuous wave (cw) power of 100 kW [6][7][8] in the past decade has facilitated a new level of available laser powers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser penetration of metal targets with high powers of up to 120 kW

Reich,

Goesmann,

Lueck

et al. 2023

High Power Lasers: Technology and Systems, Platforms, Effects VI

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Since high-power fiber lasers are emerging in the field of directed energy, the fundamental interaction of these lasers with target materials has to be investigated. For this purpose, experiments with short propagation distances can be performed. The aspects of high-power propagation through the atmosphere over large distances are excluded and go beyond the scope of this work. We show experimental results of laser-matter interaction with up to 120 kW continuous wave laser power. The targets are 10 mm thick plates of aluminum and steel as representative materials commonly used for construction purposes. A decreasing perforation time is observed with increasing laser power. For low powers, the aluminum samples show a much higher perforation time compared to the steel samples. This changes at roughly 80 kW. Above this value the steel samples withstand the laser irradiation longer. This behavior can be attributed to the much higher thermal conductivity of aluminum compared to steel. The change of dominant effects from low to high laser powers is discussed. One further important aspect is the effective energy coupling into the sample. This is investigated by finite element simulations with an adjustable absorptivity. For the steel samples a high absorption rate of around 75 % is observed at low laser powers, which drops down to roughly 15 % at the highest laser powers. For the aluminum samples, on the other hand, an almost constant value of around 15 % is observed.

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“…The measured surface topology can also be used to evaluate laser reflection and scattering distributions in context of laser safety evaluations [ 22 ]. In addition, the measured data can be used as a benchmark for computer simulations calculating the effect of lasers on samples [ 23 ] and the melt pool dynamics during the laser perforation process [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating

et al. 2022

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During laser penetration, the irradiated samples form a melt pool before perforation. Knowledge of the dynamics of this melt pool is of interest for the correct physical description of the process and leads to improved simulations. However, a direct investigation, especially at the location of high-power laser interaction with large spot diameters in the centimeter range is missing until now. Here, the applicability of 2D triangulation for surface topology observations is demonstrated. With the designed bidirectional 2D triangulation setup, the material cross-section is measured by profile detection at the front and back side. This allows a comprehensive description of the penetration process to be established, which is important for a detailed explanation of the process. Specific steps such as surface melting, indentations, protrusions during melt pool development and their dynamics, and the perforation are visualized, which were unknown until now. Furthermore, a scanning 3D triangulation setup is developed to obtain more information about the entire melt pool at the front side, and not just a single intersection line. The measurements exhibit a mirror-symmetric melt pool and the possibility to extrapolate from the central profile to the outer regions in most cases.

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Numerical modeling and characterization of the laser–matter interaction during high-power continuous wave laser perforation of thin metal plates

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Correlating laser‐generated melts with impact‐generated melts: An integrated thermodynamic‐petrologic approach

Correlating laser‐generated melts with impact‐generated melts: An integrated thermodynamic‐petrologic approach

Laser penetration of metal targets with high powers of up to 120 kW

2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating

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