2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating

Reich, Stefan; Göbel, Alexander; Goesmann, Marcel; Heunoske, Dominic; Schäffer, Sebastian; Lück, Martin; Wickert, Matthias; Osterholz, J.

doi:10.3390/ma15113743

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Steel shows a more continuous outflow once the surface of the sample is molten. Aluminium, on the other hand, forms a molten bubble before flowing out 44 . This bubble formation tends to occur at lower laser powers and is not as dominant at the highest laser powers used here.…”

Section: Volume and Mass Removal Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Change of dominant material properties in laserperforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120kilowatt

Reich,

Goesmann,

Heunoske

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In laser materials processing, energy losses due to reflection, heat conduction and thermal radiation play an important role. In this publication, we show that with increasing laser intensity, the energy lost within the sample becomes less important for metal perforation processes. We compare the laser-matter interaction of aluminium and steel plates. Material parameters such as density, melting point and especially thermal conductivity differ strongly, leading to much longer perforation times for aluminium in comparison to steel at laser powers of 20 kW. However, this behaviour changes at laser powers of more than 80 kW where the perforation times of aluminium become shorter than the corresponding times for steel. By comparing experimental data and simulations, we conclude that thermal conduction is the dominant factor of energy loss at low powers, but is reduced at high laser powers.

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Section: Volume and Mass Removal Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Change of dominant material properties in laserperforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120kilowatt

Reich,

Goesmann,

Heunoske

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Change of dominant material properties in laser perforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120 kilowatt

Reich,

Goesmann,

Heunoske

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In laser materials processing, energy losses due to reflection, heat conduction and thermal radiation play an important role. In this publication, we show that with increasing laser intensity, the energy lost within the sample becomes less important for metal perforation processes. We compare the laser-matter interaction of aluminum and steel plates. Material parameters such as density, melting point and especially thermal conductivity differ strongly, leading to much longer perforation times for aluminum in comparison to steel at laser powers of 20 kW. However, this behavior changes at laser powers of more than 80 kW where the perforation times of aluminum become shorter than the corresponding times for steel. By comparing experimental data and simulations, we conclude that thermal conduction is the dominant factor of energy loss at low powers, but is reduced at high laser powers.

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Imaging systems and techniques for fusion-based metal additive manufacturing: a review

Balhara,

Karthikeyan,

Hanchate

et al. 2023

Front. Manuf. Technol.

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This study presents an overview and a few case studies to explicate the transformative power of diverse imaging techniques for smart manufacturing, focusing largely on various in-situ and ex-situ imaging methods for monitoring fusion-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM). In-situ imaging techniques, encompassing high-speed cameras, thermal cameras, and digital cameras, are becoming increasingly affordable, complementary, and are emerging as vital for real-time monitoring, enabling continuous assessment of build quality. For example, high-speed cameras capture dynamic laser-material interaction, swiftly detecting defects, while thermal cameras identify thermal distribution of the melt pool and potential anomalies. The data gathered from in-situ imaging are then utilized to extract pertinent features that facilitate effective control of process parameters, thereby optimizing the AM processes and minimizing defects. On the other hand, ex-situ imaging techniques play a critical role in comprehensive component analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and 3D-profilometry enable detailed characterization of microstructural features, surface roughness, porosity, and dimensional accuracy. Employing a battery of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, information from diverse imaging and other multi-modal data sources can be fused, and thereby achieve a more comprehensive understanding of a manufacturing process. This integration enables informed decision-making for process optimization and quality assurance, as AI algorithms analyze the combined data to extract relevant insights and patterns. Ultimately, the power of imaging in additive manufacturing lies in its ability to deliver real-time monitoring, precise control, and comprehensive analysis, empowering manufacturers to achieve supreme levels of precision, reliability, and productivity in the production of components.

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2D and 3D Triangulation Are Suitable In Situ Measurement Tools for High-Power Large Spot Laser Penetration Processes to Visualize Depressions and Protrusions before Perforating

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Change of dominant material properties in laserperforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120kilowatt

Change of dominant material properties in laserperforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120kilowatt

Change of dominant material properties in laser perforation process with high-energy lasers up to 120 kilowatt

Imaging systems and techniques for fusion-based metal additive manufacturing: a review

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