Numerical Methods for Reducing Line and Surface Probe Data

Protection characteristics of a Faraday cage compromised by lightning burnthrough.

“…This design was based on a papers by Olsen and Nestor who employed it to examine the extent of a steady argon arc driven by currents ranging from 200 to 800 amps [26], [27], [10]. They used water-cooled, thin copper electrodes to measure the amount of current on each side of the split between two "D" electrodes and from that data backed out the radius of the plasma.…”

Effect of Anode Heat Transfer on Melted Penetration in Welding Process by Free-burning Argon Arc.

“…The method consisted of splitting a water-cooled copper anode, and measuring the heat flux to one of the sections as a function of arc position relative to the splitting plane. Then, the radial heat input density distribution can be derived by the Abel inversion 18) of the heat flux measurements, ................ (1) where x is the distance from the arc axis to the splitting plane, F(x) is heat flux or current to the probe sections, f(r) is the heat input density intensity, or the current density, at a distance r from the axis, and R is the radius of the heat or the current transfer zone at the anode. 10) The split anode used in this work consisted of two 50 mm squares which were separated by a gap of 0.1 mm and individually water-cooled to prevent melting, as shown schematically in Fig.…”

Comparison of the electron density measurements using Thomson scattering and emission spectroscopy for laser induced breakdown in one atmosphere of helium

“…We have used three different formulae to determine the density from the separation of the allowed and forbidden lines, i.e., those of Perez et al, 8 Ivković et al, 9 and Czernichowski and Chapelle 10 and one formula that uses the forbidden to allowed line ratio (F/A). 10 We have used two separate Abel inversion routines, a numerical integration 16 and the Nestor Olsen approach, 17 and get consistent results. The degree of agreement of the electron density data from the emission spectroscopy methods with the Thomson scattering measurements, in radial direction r, is shown in Fig.…”