Numerical investigation of VOC levels in the area of petrol stations

Kountouriotis, Alexandros; Aleiferis, P.G.; Charalambides, Alexandros G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.064

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The mean values of benzene observed by Moolla et al (2015) (South Africa), Hazrati et al (2016a, 2016b) (Ardabil, Iran), Mosaddegh Mehrjerdi et al (2014) (Yazd, Iran), Mohamed et al (2002) (United States), Srivastava et al (2006) (Mumbai, India), and Cerón-Bretón et al (2015) (Monterrey, Mexico) were, 313.16, 1690, 1932, 18.94, 539.95, and 55.24μg/m 3 , respectively (Cerón-Bretón et al, 2015; Hazrati et al, 2016b; Mohamed et al, 2002; Moolla et al, 2015; Mosaddegh Mehrjerdi et al, 2014; Srivastava et al, 2006). A factor affecting the diurnal profile of benzene is time-dependent emissions in the vicinity of either gas stations (Kountouriotis et al, 2014; Rattanajongjitrakorn and Prueksasit, 2014) or heavily congested roadways (Correa et al, 2012; Kourtidis et al, 2002; Lin et al, 2011). In addition, the results of this study reveal that the average concentration of BTEX was more than other studies, specifically those conducted in the Tri-City area (Gdansk, Gdynia, Sopot), Poland (Marć et al, 2014), Ardabil, Iran (Hazrati et al, 2016b), and Gorakhpur, India (Masih et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their sources, including in this work’s study region, include vehicular exhaust, gas stations, industrial activity, landfill sites, municipal solid waste (MSW) stations, and combustion for domestic heating (Bruno et al, 2008; Carrieri et al, 2006; Chiriac et al, 2007, 2011; Correa et al, 2012; Durmusoglu et al, 2010; Jiang et al, 2017; Kim et al, 2008; Kountouriotis et al, 2014; Marć et al, 2016; Sairat et al, 2015; Terrés et al, 2010; Wu et al, 2006; Xiong et al, 2016). Past work has shown that more than 45% of total VOC emissions, such as for benzene and toluene, in Mexico City, the United Kingdom, and Los Angeles stemmed from gas stations, evaporation of petrol, and motor vehicle emissions (Correa et al, 2012; Durmusoglu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics and health effects of BTEX in a hot spot for urban pollution

Dehghani

Fazlzadeh

Sorooshian

et al. 2018

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

177

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This study reports a spatiotemporal characterization of toluene, benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes concentrations (BTEX) in an urban hot spot in Iran, specifically at an bus terminal region in Shiraz. Sampling was carried out according to NIOSH Compendium Method 1501. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was applied for spatial mapping. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was applied to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk owing to BTEX exposure. The highest average BTEX concentrations were observed for benzene in the morning (at 7:00–9:00A.M. local time) (26.15±17.65μg/m3) and evening (at 6:00–8:00P.M. local time) (34.44±15.63μg/m3). The benzene to toluene ratios in the morning and evening were 2.02 and 3.07, respectively. The main sources of BTEX were gas stations and a municipal solid waste transfer station. The inhalation lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene in the morning and evening were 1.96×10−4 and 2.49×10−4, respectively, which exceeds the recommended value by US EPA and WHO. The hazard quotient (HQ) of all these pollutants was less than 1. The results of this work have implications for public health near ‘hot spots’ such as IKBT where large populations are exposed to carcinogenic emissions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and health effects of BTEX in a hot spot for urban pollution

Dehghani

Fazlzadeh

Sorooshian

et al. 2018

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

177

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“…This issue has become more significant in light of the estimate of the United Nations that over 600 million people in urban areas worldwide are exposed to unsafe levels of traffic-generated air pollutants [6]. Kountouriotis et al, [7] has studied the evaporation of liquid fuels in the area of petrol stations for several Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) leak into the atmosphere. They considered in their study the effect of wind speed and direction, as well as of air temperature on the VOCs emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait

Alenezi¹,

Al-Anezi

2015

IJET

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In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM 10 and NO 2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO 2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NO x emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.

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“…In urban areas, vehicle emissions (Shao et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017) are the main contributors to AVOCs. Fumes from liquid fuels containing aromatic compounds are emitted to the air; most of these aromatic compounds are added to gasoline for antiknock purposes, such as lead replacement (Karakitsios et al, 2007;Kountouriotis et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2018). In industrialized areas, high concentrations of AVOCs are mainly associated with petroleum refineries, petrochemical companies, petrol stations, commercial and industrial use of solvents, coal burning and even biomass burning (Karakitsios et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2015;Li et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Two Urban Tree Species in Santiago de Chile

Araya

Seelenfreund

Buscaglia

et al. 2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (AVOCs) represent the third largest contribution in gaseous emissions in the urban and peri-urban region of Santiago, the capital of Chile. Some of these compounds are toxic or mutagenic, cause serious damage to human health, and decrease plant growth and development. There is little international information related to atmospheric AVOCs in leaf content from trees exposed to specific sources of pollution, and to our knowledge, there is no research on this topic in Chile. The purpose of this work was to study the leaf content of AVOCs from the Organic Range of Gasoline (ORG: range 6-10 C) emitted by local traffic during the austral summer and spring seasons in leaves of two exotic tree species (Liriodendron tulipifera and Platanus × acerifolia). Leaf samples collected around 2 meters height above the ground were pulverized with a cryogenic mill and eleven chemical components were quantified (toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (1,2,4-TMB), styrene, ethylbenzene, ortho, meta and para-xylenes, naphthalene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (1,3,5-TMB), isopropylbenzene, and trichloroethene) using GC-MSD MSD. Benzene was detected but not quantified, because it was always under the quantification limit of the technique. Differences in concentrations were found for type of site exposure, season and tree species. The differences found in leaf content of AVOCs in P. × acerifolia exposed to vehicle traffic suggest that the concentration of these contaminants in leaves may be due to AVOC capturing. Considering the content of AVOCs in leaves and not in the whole individual tree, L. tulipifera presented a higher concentration of total AVOCs than P. × acerifolia for both seasons. The Prop-Equiv and OFP of L. tulipifera were very high in summer, being 13.6 and 14.8 times greater, respectively, than the corresponding values for P. × acerifolia.

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Numerical investigation of VOC levels in the area of petrol stations

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Characteristics and health effects of BTEX in a hot spot for urban pollution

Characteristics and health effects of BTEX in a hot spot for urban pollution

An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait

Assessment of Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compounds in Leaves of Two Urban Tree Species in Santiago de Chile

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