Numerical Investigation of Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Biosensor for Pathogens Detection in Water

Abstract

In this paper, a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor for the detection of four bacteria such as Vibrio Cholera, Escherichia Coli (E. coli), Bacillus Anthracis, and Enterococcus Faecalis is proposed and evaluated numerically using finite element method (FEM)-based simulation tool. The proposed sensor exhibits excellent performance characteristics and has the configuration of identifying analyte samples externally. The sensor is designed with a basic square lattice of PCF, covered with a thin chemically stable gold layer. The proposed sensor can detect these four bacteria from pure water and has the highest wavelength sensitivity of 5161 nm/RIU for Enterococcus Faecalis. Other critical parameters such as Signal to Noise Ratio, Detection Limit, Sensor Length, Quality Factor, and Detection Accuracy are also calculated and presented for the proposed PCF biosensor.

Design and numerical analysis of a highly sensitive nano-layer coated photonic crystal fiber biosensor

“…Table 4 shows some of the best sensors of recent papers compared with the proposed sensor. Compared to [26,28,33], the proposed diabetes sensor has a higher AS, and compared to [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], it has a higher WS, which indicates the high sensitivity and unique performance of the proposed sensor.…”

“…However, the maximum amplitude sensitivity (AS) is 574.3 RIU −1 . Haque et al [29] designed an SPR-PCF biosensor for the detection of four bacteria. The proposed sensor can detect these four bacteria from pure water and has the highest WS of 5161 nm RIU −1 for enterococcus faecalis.…”

High Sensitivity and Wide Range Refractive Index Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Photonic Crystal Fiber

“…The whole preparation process of optical fiber is shown in Figure 2. PCF-SPR RI sensors can be divided into two categories based on the location of metal materials: internal metal coating [30,31] and external metal coating [9,11]. The optical fiber designed in this paper belongs to the first type.…”

“…However, because the metal layer is located in the air hole, it can be free from the oxidation of the external environment, and the sensor has high sensitivity and stable performance. Unlike the first type of PCF-SPR RI sensor, the metal material is coated on the outer surface of the PCF, such as D [ 9 ] and multicore PCF sensors [ 32 ]. The manufacturing process is relatively simple, but the metal plasmon material is easily oxidized, which affects the reliability of the sensor.…”

“…Since SPR is extremely sensitive to small changes in the refractive index, the SPR sensing technology is widely used to measure and detect physical quantities, such as material concentration, temperature and related parameters that may lead to refractive index changes. Therefore, it has broad application prospects in biomedicine, environmental pollution, food safety and the petrochemical industry [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Optical fiber sensing technology, which combines PCF and SPR, is an emerging and important technology in the sensing field.…”