Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer by Al2O3–Water Nanofluid in Square Cavity

A facile, green fabrication of aqueous nanofluids containing hydrophilic functionalized carbon nanotubes toward improving heat transfer in a closed horizontal flow passage

“…Theoretical and experimental studies of nanofluids have been conducted in different flow regimes to achieve high heat transfer performance and low-pressure reduction in square and rectangular conducts. [25][26][27]. All of the experiments demonstrated a substantial improvement in heat transfer when nanofluids were used as the working fluid, where the pressure drop also increased.…”

The Effect of Angled Fins in Generating Swirling Flows with Vortices That Augment Heat Transfer Performance in an Annular Conduit

“…In some cases, the heat transfer improvement may be of more importance, and the addition of conventional longitudinal fins may not be sufficient for a compact heat exchanger design. Therefore, researchers have come up with a variety of ways to improve heat transfer performance which include modifying the flow geometry with unconventional designs, which include the use of wavy tubes [1][2][3][4], elliptical tubes [5][6][7], and square tubes [8,9]. Additional research area for improving heat transfer includes studying the use of thermally enhanced fluids such as nanofluids [9,10] and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) nanofluids [11][12][13].…”