The performance of a high-power fast-axial-flow CO 2 laser is directly determined by the characteristics of the turbulent flow of the active medium in the discharge region. To research the influence of the discharge tube structure on the internal gas flow field and determine the optimum design of the discharge tube, we use the computational fluid dynamics method and a set of governing equations to predict and compare the internal gas flow field of various sizes of discharge tubes. The influence of the tube diameter and gas inflow opening size on the gas flow velocity and turbulence intensity is discussed. There is good agreement between the theoretical prediction and the experimental results. The results obtained provide a basis for the optimum design of a high-power industrial fast-axial-flow CO 2 laser. C 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.