Numerical finite-key analysis of quantum key distribution

Bunandar, Darius; Govia, Luke C. G.; Krovi, Hari; Englund, Dirk

doi:10.1038/s41534-020-00322-w

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The future works include the optimization of the key rate of the discrete-modulation protocol in the short distance transmission by extending current state constellation or other new constellation design schemes [52], and finding better data postselection strategies [53,54]. Extending our security analysis to include the impact of finite-size is also an important future task [55][56][57]. In Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with high key rate

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Lü³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution has the potential for large-scale deployment in the secure quantum communication networks due to low implementation complexity and compatibility with the current telecom systems. The security proof for four coherent states phase-shift keying (4-PSK) protocol has recently been established by applying numerical methods. However, the achievable key rate is relatively low compared with the optimal Gaussian modulation scheme. To enhance the key rate of discrete-modulation protocol, we first show that 8-PSK increases the key rate by about 60% in comparison to 4-PSK, whereas the key rate has no significant improvement from 8-PSK to 12-PSK. We then expand the 12-PSK to two-ring constellation structure with four states in the inner ring and eight states in the outer ring, which significantly improves the key rate to be 2.4 times of that of 4-PSK. The key rate of the two-ring constellation structure can reach 70% of the key rate achieved by Gaussian modulation in long distance transmissions, making this protocol an attractive alternative for high-rate and low-cost application in secure quantum communication networks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with high key rate

Wang¹,

Liu²,

Lü³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…As a result, most of the current numerical methods can only deal with the asymptotic security. Recently, there are two studies for the finite-size case that only carried out numerical analysis against collective attacks [23,24]. The work [24] also considers a possible extension to general attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Method for Finite-size Security Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution

Zhou¹,

Sasaki²,

Koashi³

2021

Preprint

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) establishes secure links between remote communication parties. As a key problem for various QKD protocols, security analysis gives the amount of secure keys regardless of the eavesdropper's computational power, which can be done both analytically and numerically. Compared to analytical methods which tend to require techniques specific to each QKD protocol, numerical ones are more general since they can be directly applied to many QKD protocols without additional techniques. However, current numerical methods are carried out based on some assumptions such as working in asymptotic limit and collective attacks from eavesdroppers. In this work, we remove these assumptions and develop a numerical finite-size security analysis against general attacks for general QKD protocols. We also give an example of applying the method to the recent Phase-Matching QKD protocol with a simple protocol design. Our result shows that the finite-size key rate can surpass the linear key-rate bound in a realistic communication time.

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“…For discretely modulated CV-QKD protocols, there are also security proofs against collective attacks in the asymptotic limit available [6][7][8]. Recent attempts [9][10][11] tackle the open problem of secure key rates in the finite-size regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tight Secure Key Rates for CV-QKD with 8PSK Modulation

Kanitschar,

Pacher

2021

Preprint

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We use a recent numerical security proof approach to calculate tight secure key rates in the presence of collective attacks for a continuous-variable (CV) eight-state phase-shift keying (8PSK) protocol with heterodyne detection in the asymptotic limit. The results are compared to achievable secure key rates of a QPSK protocol obtained with the same security proof technique. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of radial postselection on the secure key rate and examine a recently suggested strategy to reduce the computational requirements on the error-correction phase for fourstate phase-shift-keying protocols. Based on our investigations, we suggest different strategies to reduce the raw key of 8PSK protocols significantly, only on the cost of a slightly lower secure key rate. This can be used to lower the computational effort of the error-correction phase, a known bottleneck in many practical implementations, considerably.

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Numerical finite-key analysis of quantum key distribution

Cited by 26 publications

References 56 publications

Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with high key rate

Discrete-modulation continuous-variable quantum key distribution with high key rate

Numerical Method for Finite-size Security Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution

Tight Secure Key Rates for CV-QKD with 8PSK Modulation

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