Numerical Estimation of SAR and Temperature Distributions inside Differently Shaped Female Breast Tumors during Radio-Frequency Ablation

Abstract

Radio-frequency (RF) ablation is a reliable technique for the treatment of deep-seated malignant tumors, including breast carcinoma, using high ablative temperatures. The paper aims at a comparative analysis of the specific absorption rate and temperature distribution during RF ablation with regard to different female breast tumors. In the study, four tumor models equivalent to an irregular tumor were considered, i.e., an equivalent sphere and ellipsoid with the same surfaces and volumes as the irregular tumor and an equivalent sphere and ellipsoid inscribed in the irregular tumor. An RF applicator with a specific voltage, operating at 100 kHz inserted into the anatomically correct female breast, was applied as a source of electromagnetically induced heat. A conjugated Laplace equation with the modified Pennes equation was used to obtain the appropriate temperature gradient in the treated area. The levels of power dissipation in terms of the specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the naturalistically shaped tumor, together with the temperature profiles of the four simplified tumor models equivalent to the irregular one, were determined. It was suggested that the equivalent tumor models might successfully replace a real, irregularly shaped tumor, and the presented numeric methodology may play an important role in the complex therapeutic RF ablation process of irregularly shaped female breast tumors.

Utilizing a Floating Sleeve Antenna for Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia Treatment of Superficial and Deep-seated Breast Tumors

“…Regarding the temperature discrepancy between super cial and deep-seated tumors, our observation is that the super cial tumors exhibited higher temperatures than the deep-seated tumor. This phenomenon could be attributed to factors such as tissue composition and blood ow distribution [30,31].…”

“…In future work, it is essential to expand the scope of this research by considering various tumor shapes and properties measured clinically from actual breast cancer patients. The diversity in tumor shapes and sizes may signi cantly impact the electromagnetic and thermal behavior during interstitial microwave hyperthermia [30]. Furthermore, it is essential to extend the investigation to encompass different subtypes of breast cancer.…”

Metabolic and Developmental Changes in Insects as Stress-Related Response to Electromagnetic Field Exposure

“…The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/app13179893/s1, Table S1: General linear mixed model to test the effect of EMF exposure (treatment: control, 1 mT, 7 mT) on weight loss with time (time, days [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in adult mealworms. The model included a random factor: experimental replicate, within which animals were measured on consecutive days.…”

“…The question that emerges is in regard to the potential consequences of increased exposure to EMFs on health. On the contrary, it is worth noting that EMFs have been effectively employed in therapeutic applications [2][3][4]. A comprehensive understanding of the effects and consequences of EMF exposure has been essential for assessing and mitigating any potential risks to the environment and human health [5][6][7].…”

Effect of high blood flow on heat distribution and ablation zone during microwave ablation‐numerical approach

“…5 RFA is a popular thermal ablation technique for cancer treatment that uses radio waves to generate heat inside the tumor. [6][7][8] The MWA is a local ablative method that utilizes microwave energy to destroy undesirable cells. The antenna employed in MWA delivers precise energy pulses at a frequency of 2.45 GHz, typically by being inserted directly into the liver tissue.…”