“…Inspired by natural tree-like branching network systems, just like tree roots, leaf veins, and mammalian blood vessels, artificial tree-like branching network systems have been designed for use in various engineering fields, including microelectronic engineering [5,6], fuel cells [7], chemical engineering [8,9], compact thermal exchangers [10,11], and thermal energy storage [12]. Bejan et al [13,14] first proposed the "constructed theory" to guide the optimization design of microchannel sinks.…”