Numerical and experimental analysis of resin-flow, heat-transfer, and cure in a resin-injection pultrusion process

Sandberg, Michael; Yuksel, Onur; Baran, İsmet; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Spangenberg, Jon

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106231

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The commercial multiphysics tool, i.e., COMSOL, was employed by Sandberg et al. [ 43 ] to study the cure kinetics of polyurethane resin systems in a closed mould pultrusion process. The developed model included flow, thermal, and chemical equations, in which a contribution was made showing the possible initiation of curing from the pultrusion die centre because of the heated fibre preforms prior to the injection process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Thermo-Chemo-Flow Analysis of Thermoset Resin Impregnation in LCM Processes

et al. 2023

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This paper presents a numerical framework for modelling and simulating convection–diffusion–reaction flows in liquid composite moulding (LCM). The model is developed in ANSYS Fluent with customised user-defined-functions (UDFs), user-defined-scalar (UDS), and user-defined memory (UDM) codes to incorporate the cure kinetics and rheological characteristics of thermoset resin impregnation. The simulations were performed adopting volume-of-fluid (VOF)—a multiphase flow solution—based on finite volume method (FVM). The developed numerical approach solves Darcy’s law, heat transfer, and chemical reactions in LCM process simultaneously. Thereby, the solution scheme shows its ability to provide information on flow-front, viscosity development, degree of cure, and rate of reaction at once unlike existing literature that commonly focuses on impregnation stage and cure stage in isolation. Furthermore, it allows online monitoring, controlled boundary conditions, and injection techniques (for design of manufacturing) during the mould filling and curing stages. To examine the validity of the model, a comparative analysis was carried out for a simple geometry, in that the numerical results indicate good agreement—3.4% difference in the degree of cure compared with previous research findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Thermo-Chemo-Flow Analysis of Thermoset Resin Impregnation in LCM Processes

et al. 2023

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“…For such problems researcher introduce many numerical techniques or solved by existent techniques like Entropy generation and heat transfer analysis by Finite difference method [21]. Numerical and experimental analysis of resin-flow, heat-transfer [22], Computational modeling and analysis on rotating stretched disk flow with heat transfer [23]. Classical techniques need many information like initial point, gradient, feasible range, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Study of Non-Linear Convective Heat Transfer Model by Novel Hybrid Heuristic Driven Neural Soft Computing

et al. 2022

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Heat transfer has a vital role in material selection, machinery efficacy, and energy consumption. The notion of heat transfer is essential in understanding many phenomena related to several engineering fields. Particularly, Mechanical, civil and chemical engineering. The presentation of the heat transfer model in this manuscript is a dedication to the heat transfer characteristics such as conduction, convection, and radiation. The heat energy consumption mainly depends on these characteristics. A better conductive and convective paradigm is required for miniaturization of heat loss or transfer. The phenomenon is mathematically assumed with the required parameters. A new mathematical strategy is also designed and implemented in the manuscript to evaluate the dynamics of heat transfer model. The mathematical approach is the hybrid structure of the Sine-Cosine algorithm and Interior point algorithm. The validation of new technique is evaluated by mean absolute deviation, root mean square errors, and error in Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency. For better illustration, an extensive data set executed by the proposed mathematical strategy is also drawn graphically with convergence plots.

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“…Later, full 2D and 3D methods were developed for thermo-chemical modeling [11][12][13]. The impregnation flow of the resin system has also been coupled with thermo-chemical models [14]. This analysis is essential for resin injection pultrusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Process Modeling of a Thick Pultruded Composite with Variability in Fiber Volume Fraction

et al. 2021

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Pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer composites are susceptible to microstructural nonuniformity such as variability in fiber volume fraction (Vf), which can have a profound effect on process-induced residual stress. Until now, this effect of non-uniform Vf distribution has been hardly addressed in the process models. In the present study, we characterized the Vf distribution and accompanying nonuniformity in a unidirectional fiber-reinforced pultruded profile using optical light microscopy. The identified nonuniformity in Vf was subsequently implemented in a mesoscale thermal–chemical–mechanical process model, developed explicitly for the pultrusion process. In our process model, the constitutive material behavior was defined locally with respect to the corresponding fiber volume fraction value in different-sized representative volume elements. The effect of nonuniformity on the temperature and cure degree evolution, and residual stress was analyzed in depth. The results show that the nonuniformity in fiber volume fraction across the cross-section increased the absolute magnitude of the predicted residual stress, leading to a more scattered residual stress distribution. The observed Vf gradient promotes tensile residual stress at the core and compressive residual stress at the outer regions. Consequently, it is concluded that it is essential to take the effects of nonuniformity in fiber distribution into account for residual stress estimations, and the proposed numerical framework was found to be an efficient tool to study this aspect.

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Numerical and experimental analysis of resin-flow, heat-transfer, and cure in a resin-injection pultrusion process

Cited by 27 publications

References 42 publications

A Numerical Thermo-Chemo-Flow Analysis of Thermoset Resin Impregnation in LCM Processes

A Numerical Thermo-Chemo-Flow Analysis of Thermoset Resin Impregnation in LCM Processes

A Quantitative Study of Non-Linear Convective Heat Transfer Model by Novel Hybrid Heuristic Driven Neural Soft Computing

Mesoscale Process Modeling of a Thick Pultruded Composite with Variability in Fiber Volume Fraction

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