“…It is also assumed that the base fluid water and the nanoparticle copper are in thermal equilibrium and that no slippage occurs between them. The thermophysical properties of the base fluid and nanoparticle are given in Table 1 [44][45][46][47][48]. Further, we consider a Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y), where X and Y are coordinates measured along the plate and normal to it, respectively.…”