Numerical Analysis and Its Laboratory Verification in Bending Test of Glue Laminated Timber Pre-Cracked Beam

Abstract

The paper describes an approach to model glue laminated timber (GLT) made of pinewood (softwood), taking into account damage processes in timber and adhesive layers. An example of a pre-cracked beam has been presented. Obtaining necessary material properties has been supported by several finite elements models (FEM), laboratory tests and a wide literature survey. The authors have taken into consideration an orthotropic material with damage for timber lamellas and isotropic traction separation law for bonding layers. Both plane stress CPS8R and COH2D4 finite elements from the Simulia ABAQUS system or mesh density, used in the numerical analyses, have been carefully chosen and tested. The GLT beam model has been verified on the basis of several values, using two types of testing techniques—MTS 809 machine measurements and digital image correlation (DIC). Additional results revision has been provided by measuring a crack shear displacement (CSD), using the original laboratory test setup by the authors’ idea. Finally, some conclusions and introductory recommendations for modelling a glue laminated timber in a plane stress have been formulated. The paper is a part of a wider research on timber-polymer composites, which is still under development.

Nondestructive Testing of the Miter Gates Using Various Measurement Methods

“…The numerical and laboratory test results differed slightly. Similar conclusions were drawn in a study by [6], in which some methods were compared. Usually, variance results are mainly from the different properties of the materials used (Young's modulus, mass density), the impossible simulation of ambient conditions present during the performance of the tests (temperature, wind load), as well as the boundary conditions (joints, boundary conditions to the ground) [7].…”

Numerical Examination of the Behaviour of Dowel Laminated Timber Elements Utilising Compressed Wood Dowels

“…The damage initiation criteria utilised in this model are based on the Hashin damage model which has been utilised in a series of studies to determine the failure behaviour of timber elements [27][28][29][30][31]. The damage initiation criteria are expressed in terms of strains and are treated differently for tension and compression strains however, one affects the other and if the strains are significant and cause partial or full damage (damage variable greater than zero) both tensile and compressive responses are affected.…”