Number of &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus mutans&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt; in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily

Nakonieczna-Rudnicka, Marta; Bachanek, Teresa

doi:10.5604/12321966.1228952

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Six studies sampled both males and females, while five only included males. One study 20 assessed smoking using self-report and cotinine tests, the remaining studies used self-report only. Seven studies 15-21,23 analyzed DMFT and one 22 analyzed DMFS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies 11,19 accessed both. One study 20 reported the levels of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study conducted by Nakonieczna-Rudnicka et al 20 assessed the amount of SM and LB in the saliva of non-smokers and smokers. They concluded that there was no essential correlation between the number of SM and LB and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the duration of smoking and the smoking status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between tobacco smoking and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Tobacco is responsible for infaust oral conditions and many oral diseases. Dental caries is one of the most prevalent oral diseases. The association between tobacco smoking and dental caries has become an important recent topic of research. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between tobacco smoking and dental caries. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane, up to December 2018. Original observational articles that estimated relevance between tobacco smoking and dental caries in adults were included. Caries were determined by measurements of decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT), or decayed, missing or filled surface (DMFS), or caries-related microflora levels. Trials did not include a non-smoking group, exposure to smokeless tobacco products, or participants under 16 years old. Also, literature reviews, comments, case reports and letters to the editor were not considered. Both methods of systematic review and meta-analysis were adopted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of all the included studies. RESULTS Ten out of eleven of the included studies indicated a positive association between tobacco smoking and dental caries. Two meta-analyses were performed: one included five studies using DMFT as an outcome; the other included two studies of DMFS. A random effects model was used. Both were highly heterogeneous (I 2 =93%, chi-squared p<0.00001; I 2 =70%, chi-squared p=0.07, respectively) and statistically significant (mean difference, MD=1.20, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.40–2.00, z-test p=0.003; MD=1.88, 95% CI: 0.99–2.77, z-test p<0.0001, respectively). The quality scores of all varied from 7 to 9. CONCLUSIONS There is a correlation between tobacco smoking and an increased risk of dental caries. However, the overall representativeness of the studies is not good. More prospective and extensive research on this topic is needed to get validation. Even so, it is imperative that people quit tobacco smoking.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies 11,19 accessed both. One study 20 reported the levels of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus (LB).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between tobacco smoking and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2019

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…On the other hand, lower levels of F. nucleatum and Leptotrichia have been detected in patients who smoke and have OLP [108]. Nonetheless, the levels of S. mutans and Lactobacillus have been observed to be unchanged even with regular smoking [114]. Elevated levels of R. mucilaginosa, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Leptotrichia have been connected to OSCC independently, without the presence of smoking [47, 108, 113, 115-118].…”

Section: Tobacco and Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota and Cancer Development

2020

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Oral microbiota are among the most diverse in the human body. More than 700 species have been identified in the mouth, and new sequencing methods are allowing us to discover even more species. The anatomy of the oral cavity is different from that of other body sites. The oral cavity has mucosal surfaces (the tongue, the buccal mucosa, the gingiva, and the palate), hard tissues (the teeth), and exocrine gland tissue (major and minor salivary glands), all of which present unique features for microbiota composition. The connection between oral microbiota and diseases of the human body has been under intensive research in the past years. Furthermore, oral microbiota have been associated with cancer development. Patients suffering from periodontitis, a common advanced gingival disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis, have a 2–5 times higher risk of acquiring any cancer compared to healthy individuals. Some oral taxa, especially <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, have been shown to have carcinogenic potential by several different mechanisms. They can inhibit apoptosis, activate cell proliferation, promote cellular invasion, induce chronic inflammation, and directly produce carcinogens. These microbiota changes can already be seen with potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity. The causal relationship between microbiota and cancer is complex. It is difficult to accurately study the impact of specific bacteria on carcinoma development in humans. This review focuses on the elucidating the interactions between oral cavity bacterial microbiota and cancer. We gather literature on the current knowledge of the bacterial contribution to cancer development and the mechanisms behind it.

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“…However, external factors may also affect microbial diversity in the salivary microbiota. Among these external factors, tobacco smoking has been shown to affect the oral microbiota (5, 6). Later studies however did not rely on culture (5), or were restricted to a few Gram-positive bacterial species (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoking Affects the Salivary Gram-Positive Bacterial Population

Grine

Royer

Terrer

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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The microbial communities of the oral fluid are in direct contact with tobacco smoke, which may thus affect these communities. Few culture-based studies have analyzed the effects of tobacco smoking on the oral fluid microbiota. Using bacterial culture we investigated whether tobacco smoking altered the microbial diversity of the oral fluid, focusing on aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria otherwise comprising of major pathogens. Among 90 oral fluid specimens collected in 19 tobacco-smokers and 71 controls, the diversity did not significantly differ with age and with sex. However, diversity was significantly lower in tobacco-smokers (nine different species) than in non-smokers (18 different species) with all the species cultured in tabocco-smokers being also cultured in non-smokers. We isolated the human pathogen Streptococcus australis for the first time from oral fluid. Tobacco smoking significantly alters the saliva Gram-positive bacterial microbiota, including pathogens with potential implication in the pathogenesis of tobacco-related diseases such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

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Number of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> in saliva versus the status of cigarette smoking, considering duration of smoking and number of cigarettes smoked daily

Abstract: The number of SM and LB in saliva does not depend on the smoking status, the number of cigarettes smoked daily and duration of smoking.

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Correlation between tobacco smoking and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Correlation between tobacco smoking and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Oral Microbiota and Cancer Development

Tobacco Smoking Affects the Salivary Gram-Positive Bacterial Population

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