2012
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201109042
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Nukleophile Addition von Enolen und Enaminen an α,β‐ungesättigte Acylazoliumionen: Mechanistische Studien

Abstract: N-Heterocyclische Carbene (NHCs) wurden in den letzten zehn Jahren sehr erfolgreich als Katalysatoren bei verschiedenen CC-Bindungsknüpfungsreaktionen eingesetzt. [1] Umsetzungen, die über a,b-ungesättigte Acylazoliumionen laufen, fanden dabei große Beachtung. Diese reaktiven Intermediate lassen sich über drei unterschiedliche Wege erzeugen: a) Protonierung eines Breslow-Intermediats, das durch Reaktion eines Inals mit einem NHC gewonnen werden kann, [2,3] b) Reaktion eines a,b-ungesättigten Acylfluorids mit e… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 55 publications
(46 reference statements)
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“…This explains why the highest selectivity is obtained for the bulkier esters. A similar organization of the transition state was found for the addition of deprotonated acetylacetone to an acylazolium ion by calculations 12a. Currently, we do not fully understand the role of the Li‐salt for the selectivity.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 72%
“…This explains why the highest selectivity is obtained for the bulkier esters. A similar organization of the transition state was found for the addition of deprotonated acetylacetone to an acylazolium ion by calculations 12a. Currently, we do not fully understand the role of the Li‐salt for the selectivity.…”
Section: Methodssupporting
confidence: 72%
“…In the course of the analysis, locating stable intermediates for the deprotonated, zwitterionic hemiacetal was met with difficulties. [20] Optimizations in the gas phase or employing implicit solvation resulted in collapse of the zwitterionic intermediate to a tight ion pair. However, the implementation of models to approximate explicit solvation allowed for the true intermediate to be located successfully.…”
Section: Case Study 1: Use Of Computation Post-experiments To Explain mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[25] Intuitively, dissociation of the acetate group from 16 to give the cationic 19 could occur (Scheme 7, pathway b), with subsequent reductive elimination, giving the observed product 18. Other possible pathways include the disproportionation of 16 to the analogous neutral (20) or cationic (21) Pd IV species (pathway c), from both of which reductive elimination could then occur. Studying the dissociation step from 20 or 16 with computational means would require prior knowledge of the fate of the dissociated ion (e.g., binding with other species in solution, interaction with a counteraction, etc.).…”
Section: Case Study 2: Use Of Computational and Experimental Studies mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the Breslow intermediate can be oxidized to acylazolium, which is a very useful acylium cation synthon. Consequently, among other protocols, oxidative NHC catalysis is a unique method for the synthesis of amides and esters [25][26][27][28][29].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%