Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) Serotype 2 Homolog of MDV Serotype 1 pp38, an Antigen Associated with Transformed Cells

Ono, M.; Kawaguchi, Yasushi; Maeda, Ken; Kamiya, Naohiro; Tohya, Yukinobu; Cui, Kai; Niikura, Masahiro; Mikami, Taisei

doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1275

Cited by 20 publications

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“…Conserved amino acids include a DLLVEAE motif (amino acid positions 85 to 91 in MDV008 and 163 to 169 in MDV073) and a region of 30% amino acid identity (amino acid positions 93 to 155 of MDV008 and 213 to 275 of MDV073). MDV2 pp24 and pp38 homologues and an HVT pp38 homologue do not contain the amino-terminal domains present in MDV1 proteins (68,91). Given that MDV2 and HVT are nononcogenic, the novel amino-terminal regions present in MDV1 homologues may play some role in viral virulence and/or oncogenicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Tulman

Afonso

et al. 2000

J Virol

251

221

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Here we present the first complete genomic sequence, with analysis, of a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDV1), Md5. The genome is 177,874 bp and is predicted to encode 103 proteins. MDV1 is colinear with the prototypic alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) within the unique long (UL) region, and it is most similar at the amino acid level to MDV2, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), and nonavian herpesviruses equine herpesviruses 1 and 4. MDV1 encodes 55 HSV-1 UL homologues together with 6 additional UL proteins that are absent in nonavian herpesviruses. The unique short (US) region is colinear with and has greater than 99% nucleotide identity to that of MDV1 strain GA; however, an extra nucleotide sequence at the Md5 US/short terminal repeat boundary results in a shorter US region and the presence of a second gene (encoding MDV097) similar to the SORF2 gene. MD5, like HVT, encodes an ICP4 homologue that contains a 900-amino-acid amino-terminal extension not found in other herpesviruses. Putative virulence and host range gene products include the oncoprotein MEQ, oncogenicity-associated phosphoproteins pp38 and pp24, a lipase homologue, a CxC chemokine, and unique proteins of unknown function MDV087 and MDV097 (SORF2 homologues) and MDV093 (SORF4). Consistent with its virulent phenotype, Md5 contains only two copies of the 132-bp repeat which has previously been associated with viral attenuation and loss of oncogenicity.Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by the highly infectious cell-associated alphaherpesvirus MD virus serotype 1 (MDV1) (18). Yearly economic losses from MD total $1 billion worldwide (18). MDV1 infection results in a rapid onset of malignant T-cell lymphomas within several weeks of infection. Tumor infiltration results in a neural form of disease, which causes progressive paralysis, or a visceral form of disease, which is usually very acute and accompanied by high mortality. Productive virus replication in the skin and feather follicle epithelia with subsequent virus shedding is responsible for disease transmission (18).MD is controlled by vaccination and good management practices (18). Naturally occurring nonpathogenic strains of MDV1, MDV2, and herpesvirus of turkey (HVT or MDV3) have been used individually or together in bivalent vaccines (18,40). Recent increases in MD-related mortality and condemnations among vaccinated poultry have occurred in the United States. These increases in disease have occurred approximately 6 years after the introduction of new vaccines (99). In the late 1970s, following the introduction of HVT vaccines, and since 1992, after the introduction of bivalent MDV2-HVTbased vaccines, new MDV1 strains of greater virulence (very virulent [vv] and very virulent plus [vv ϩ ] MDV1) were isolated. These viruses are characterized by higher cytolytic activity, unusual tissue tropism, increased atrophy of lymphoid organs, immunosuppression, enhanced capacity to transform T cells, and earlier host death (7...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Tulman

Afonso

et al. 2000

J Virol

251

221

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“…There is some evidence that pp 38 is also expressed by nononcogenic attenuated serotype 1 MDV strain (Silva & Lee, 1984). Moreover, its homologies were detected in MDV serotype 2 or HVT infected cells (Cui et al, 1992;Ono et al, 1994). These findings suggest that abundant expression of pp 38 is associated with the lytic infection cycle rather than the transformed state in MD.…”

Section: Rna Extracted From Mock-infected Cells (Lane Mock) Non-oncomentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Marek's disease virus serotype 1‐specific phosphorylated proteins in Marek's disease skin lesions

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYSkin tissues were obtained from 12 chickens showing Marek's disease (MD) skin tumour induced by a very virulent MD/5 strain of Marek's disease virus serotype 1 (MDVl) and taken from 24 field broiler chickens (8 to 9-weeks-old) manifesting MD skin tumour. They were examined by the immunohistochemical method in order to examine the topographic expression of MDV1-specific phosphorylated proteins (PP) and by the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction following Southern hybridization to analyse their gene transcriptional activity. PP were massively detected and their gene transcripts were abundantly expressed only in the necrotic areas of some experimentally-induced MD cutaneous lymphoma lesions. Strong PP-positive cells were degenerate or necrotic lymphoblasts. The other field or experimentally-induced MD cutaneous lymphoma lesions, even those consisting almost completely of tumorous lymphoblasts, had only a few PP-positive lymphoid cells and few gene transcripts. Necrotic areas of feather pulp MD lymphoma lesions consisting mainly of degenerate or necrotic lymphoblasts and cytolytic feather follicle epithelium (FFE) were also strongly positive for PP. PPs and their gene transcripts were detectable only in the cytolytically infected cells such as FFE and tumorous lymphoblasts converting to the abortic state.

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“…Hydrophobic regions are shown above and hydrophilic regions below the X-axes. The algorithm of Kyte and Doolittle [19] was used, with a sliding window set to 10 amino acid residues. The dashed lines indicate notably hydrophobic region that also considered likely to be membranespanning.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the restriction endonuclease digestion patterns vary among MDV1, MDV2, and HVT [10,21,26]. In MDV2 genome, genes encoding for glycoproteins gB [30], gC [15], gD [13], gE [12], gH [24], and gI [13], thymidine kinase and UL24 [25], and phosphoprotein pp38 [19] homologues have been identified and analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and DNA Sequence Analysis of the Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 2 Genes Homologous to the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL20 and UL21

Hatama

Jang

Izumiya

et al. 1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We determined 3,135 bp of the nucleotide sequence located in an 8.5 kb EcoRI-E fragment in the unique long (UL) genome region of Marek's disease virus serotype 2 (MDV2), and identified UL20 and UL21 homologous genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The UL20 and UL21 homologous genes of MDV2 are arranged colinearly with the prototype sequence of HSV-1. In addition, an open reading frame (MDV2 ORF 273), which has been identified within the UL21 homologous gene of MDV2, has no apparent relation to any other known herpesvirus genes. Northern blot analysis and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction confirmed the existance of RNA transcripts related to the UL20 and ORF 273 genes in MDV2-infected cells, except no transcript related to the UL21 gene being detected. The putative protein product of the MDV2 UL20 gene had a relatively low homology but that of the MDV2 UL21 gene had a moderate homology among herpesviruses. Further, the possible functions and features of the predicted proteins encoded within the sequenced region are discussed.-KEY WORDS: Marek's disease virus serotype 2, nucleotide sequence, ORF 273, UL20, UL21.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(6): 587-593, 1999 egress as intrinsic membrane protein [2], and UL21 protein of HSV-1 plays an important role in viral replication in cultured cells [1,4]. In this article, we report complete nucleotide sequences of genes encoding for the UL20 and UL21 in the MDV2 UL genome region and compare with other herpesvirus counterparts including HSV-1, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Further, we examine transcripts of each gene, and describe some of the properties of the putative proteins encoded by the MDV2 UL20 and UL21 genes. MATERIALS AND METHODSCloning, DNA sequencing and computer analysis: A DNA library of MDV2 strain HPRS24 constructed previously [20] was used. The 120 bp of 3' terminus of the MDV2 UL21 gene was previously reported [24]. To obtain the entire MDV2 UL21 gene and further upstream sequence of the MDV2 UL21 gene, a 3.1 kb ClaI-PstI subfragment from the EcoRI-E fragment (Fig. 1) was cloned into pBluescript SK+ vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA).DNA sequences were determined on both strands using the Dye primer cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA) by an autosequencer system (Applied Biosystem, Foster City, CA). DNA and amino acid sequences were analyzed with the computer program GENETYX-MAC (version 9.0). Homology searches and multiple sequence alignments from the GenBank and EMBL Data Libraries were performed by using the UWGCG programs BESTFIT and PILEUP, respectively. Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotype 1 (MDV1) causes a naturally occurring malignant T cell lymphoma in chickens, known as Marek's disease (MD). The disease has attracted attention because it can be prevented by vaccination with antigenically related MDV, including attenuated MDV1, nonpathogenic M...

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Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) Serotype 2 Homolog of MDV Serotype 1 pp38, an Antigen Associated with Transformed Cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

The Genome of a Very Virulent Marek's Disease Virus

Significance of Marek's disease virus serotype 1‐specific phosphorylated proteins in Marek's disease skin lesions

Identification and DNA Sequence Analysis of the Marek's Disease Virus Serotype 2 Genes Homologous to the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 UL20 and UL21

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