Nucleic acid and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis

Yang, Bada; Vries, Sophia G. de; Ahmed, Ahmed; Visser, Benjamin J.; Nagel, Ingeborg M.; Spijker, René; Grobusch, Martin P.; Hartskeerl, Rudy A.; Goris, Marga G. A.; Leeflang, Mariska

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011871.pub2

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The utility of Faine's criteria remains in question, as one study found that using clinical signs and epidemiological exposure alone to calculate Faine's criteria only produced 40% sensitivity and 80% specificity in the diagnosis of leptospirosis while including serological data brought these values above 90% . Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification and microagglutination testing (MAT) are considered the gold‐standard for diagnosing leptospirosis, though enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunodot, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), antigen detection, and medium‐specific culture of blood, urine, and CSF have all been investigated . Every year, thousands of people die worldwide due to lack of antibiotic administration and symptomatic management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA amplification and microagglutination testing (MAT) are considered the gold-standard for diagnosing leptospirosis, though enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunodot, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), antigen detection, and medium-specific culture of blood, urine, and CSF have all been investigated. [22][23][24] Every year, thousands of people die worldwide due to lack of antibiotic administration and symptomatic management. According to NYC.gov, an average of 3 cases of leptospirosis are diagnosed in New York City each year, but the case rate has been increasing during the last decade with an average of 5.7 yearly cases reported over the past 3 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker

Afzal

Thaker

Weissman

et al. 2020

Clinical Case Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker

Afzal

Thaker

Weissman

et al. 2020

Clinical Case Reports

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show abstract

“…However, these methods still experience challenges while detecting low-abundance pathogens and microbial toxins. For example, they cannot discriminate live versus dead microbes or cultivate microorganisms to understand the diversity and complexity of microbial toxins (Consortium OPATHY & Gabaldón, 2019;Vale, 2020;Yang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage‐based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review

Guo

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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Foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins are the main causes of foodborne illness. However, trace pathogens and toxins in foods are difficult to detect. Thus, techniques for their rapid and sensitive identification and quantification are urgently needed. Phages can specifically recognize and adhere to certain species of microbes or toxins due to molecular complementation between capsid proteins of phages and receptors on the host cell wall or toxins, and thus they have been successfully developed into a detection platform for pathogens and toxins. This review presents an update on phage‐based luminescent detection technologies as well as their working principles and characteristics. Based on phage display techniques of temperate phages, reporter gene detection assays have been designed to sensitively detect trace pathogens by luminous intensity. By the host‐specific lytic effects of virulent phages, enzyme‐catalyzed chemiluminescent detection technologies for pathogens have been exploited. Notably, these phage‐based luminescent detection technologies can discriminate viable versus dead microbes. Further, highly selective and sensitive immune‐based assays have been developed to detect trace toxins qualitatively and quantitatively via antibody analogs displayed by phages, such as phage‐ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) and phage‐IPCR (immuno‐polymerase chain reaction). This literature research may lead to novel and innocuous phage‐based rapid detection technologies to ensure food safety.

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“…Most are nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostic tests (NAATs) that target various leptospiral genes and are designed to provide an early diagnosis of leptospirosis (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In practice, many are plagued by context-related problems-particularly a low diagnostic sensitivity when epidemiological information is lacking-so few are generalizable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars

Matthias

Lubar

Acharige

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Pathogenic Leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis, comprise >200 serotypes (called serovars). Most have a restricted reservoir-host range, and some, e.g., serovar Copenhageni, are cosmopolitan and of public health importance owing to their propensity to produce severe, fatal disease in humans. Available serotyping approaches—such as multi-locus sequence typing, core genome sequence typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the cross-agglutination absorption test—are tedious and expensive, and require isolation of the organisms in culture media—a protracted and incredibly inefficient process—precluding their use in prospective studies or outbreak investigations. The unavailability of culture-independent assays capable of distinguishing Leptospira serotypes remains a crucial gap in the field. Here, we have developed a simple yet specific real-time qPCR assay—targeting a Leptospira-unique gene encoding a putative polysaccharide flippase—that provides intra-species, serotype-defining (i.e., epidemiologically useful) information, and improves upon the sensitivity of preferred lipL32-based qPCR-based diagnostic tests. The assay, dubbed RAgI ("rage one"), is rapid and affordable, and reliably and specifically detects group I pathogenic Leptospira in culture, serum and urine, with no detectable off-target amplification—even of the genetically related but low virulence group II pathogenic (formerly "intermediate") or non-pathogenic Leptospira. It retained 100% diagnostic specificity when tested against difficult sample types, including field-collected dog urine-samples and environmental samples containing varied and complex microbial species-consortia. And holds considerable promise in the clinical setting, and for routine epidemiological and environmental surveillance studies.

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Nucleic acid and antigen detection tests for leptospirosis

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker

Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker

Phage‐based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review

Culture-Independent Detection and Identification of Leptospira Serovars

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