Nano-BaSO4 was treated with surface modification agents and was mixed with different contents into the matrix of polybutadiene styrene rubber (SBR) to obtain composites. The cure characteristics, tensile and wear resistance properties of different nano-BaSO4 filled SBR composites were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanism was analyzed. Experimental results demonstrated that the incorporation of 2 phr 2%-SA modified nano-BaSO4 powder into neat SBR system can decrease the abrasion loss from 0.160 cm3 to 0.115 cm3, a decrease of about 28%.